López-Yerena Anallely, de Santisteban Villaplana Victoria, Badimon Lina, Vilahur Gemma, Padro Teresa
Institut Recerca Sant Pau, Sant Quinti 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 27;17(1):52. doi: 10.3390/nu17010052.
Probiotics are gaining recognition as a viable strategy for mitigating cardiovascular risk factors. Specifically, recent studies highlight their potential benefits in managing cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and inflammation, which are critical components in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the impact of probiotic consumption on major cardiovascular risk factors, including individuals with hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, and in secondary prevention in coronary artery disease. Scientific evidence based on human studies suggests that probiotic consumption is associated with positive effects on anthropometric measures, inflammation markers, blood pressure, glucose metabolism markers, lipid profiles, and endothelial function. However, these findings should be interpreted pragmatically and acknowledge the significant variability in results. This variability may be attributed to factors such as probiotic composition (single strain or multiple strains), the characteristics of the delivery matrix (food, capsules, and sachets), the duration of the intervention, the dosage regimen, and baseline health profiles of the participants. Incorporating probiotics as part of a comprehensive and healthy lifestyle approach can be considered a feasible strategy for both the prevention and management of CVD. However, further research is needed on factors influencing the effect of probiotics, such as: (i) optimal probiotic strain(s), (ii) appropriate dosage, (iii) duration of treatment, (iv) optimal delivery vehicle, and (v) sex-specific differences.
益生菌作为减轻心血管危险因素的一种可行策略正逐渐得到认可。具体而言，最近的研究强调了它们在控制胆固醇水平、血压和炎症方面的潜在益处，这些都是预防心血管疾病（CVD）的关键因素。这篇综述旨在阐明食用益生菌对主要心血管危险因素的影响，包括高血压、II型糖尿病、代谢综合征、高胆固醇血症患者，以及冠心病的二级预防。基于人体研究的科学证据表明，食用益生菌与人体测量指标、炎症标志物、血压、葡萄糖代谢标志物、血脂谱和内皮功能的积极影响有关。然而，这些发现应进行务实解读，并认识到结果存在显著差异。这种差异可能归因于多种因素，如益生菌组成（单菌株或多菌株）、给药载体（食物、胶囊和小袋）的特性、干预持续时间、给药方案以及参与者的基线健康状况。将益生菌纳入全面健康的生活方式可被视为预防和管理CVD的可行策略。然而，还需要进一步研究影响益生菌效果的因素，例如：（i）最佳益生菌菌株，（ii）适当剂量，（iii）治疗持续时间，（iv）最佳给药载体，以及（v）性别差异。
