Deguchi Kanako, Aoshima Megumi, Hiraiwa Eri, Ono Chisato, Ushiroda Chihiro, Yamamoto-Wada Risako, Yoshida Mitsuyoshi, Iizuka Katsumi
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.
Faculty of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.
Nutrients. 2025 May 3;17(9):1576. doi: 10.3390/nu17091576.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Obese individuals are often said to eat fast. Given that obese individuals are often reported to consume fast food more frequently, we hypothesized that fast food can be eaten more quickly. This study aimed to examine the effects of meal type on meal duration, considering meal sequence.
Meal duration, number of chews and bites, and chewing tempo were measured among 41 participants (18 males, 23 females; average age, 41.1 years) using two meals: pizza (301 kcal) and hamburger steak bento (hamburger, rice and broccoli, 304 kcal; two eating sequences: vegetables first or last).
Compared with pizza, bento meals (vegetables first or last) were associated with longer meal durations (sec) (mean differences in pizza-bento (vegetable first): -182 [-245.6, -118.9], < 0.0001; pizza-bento (vegetables last): -216.0 [-273.3, -158.7], < 0.0001). In contrast, no differences in meal duration (sec) were observed regardless of the order of vegetable consumption ( = 0.14). These findings were consistent with the number of chews and chewing tempos across both sexes. The number of bites was similar among pizza, bento (vegetable fast), and bento (vegetable last). Meal duration was positively associated with the number of chews and bites and meal type and negatively associated with age and sex. BMI was not associated with meal duration.
Meal type affected meal duration, the number of chews, and the chewing tempo, independent of meal sequence. To eat more slowly, it is important to pay attention to the meal type.
背景/目的：肥胖者常被认为进食速度快。鉴于肥胖者常被报道更频繁地食用快餐，我们推测快餐能吃得更快。本研究旨在考虑进餐顺序，研究餐食类型对进餐时长的影响。
对41名参与者（18名男性，23名女性；平均年龄41.1岁）进行了两项餐食的进餐时长、咀嚼和咬合次数以及咀嚼节奏的测量：披萨（301千卡）和汉堡排便当（汉堡、米饭和西兰花，304千卡；两种进食顺序：先吃蔬菜或最后吃蔬菜）。
与披萨相比，便当餐（先吃蔬菜或最后吃蔬菜）的进餐时长（秒）更长（披萨 - 便当（先吃蔬菜）的平均差异：-182 [-245.6，-118.9]，<0.0001；披萨 - 便当（最后吃蔬菜）：-216.0 [-273.3，-158.7]，<0.0001）。相比之下，无论蔬菜的食用顺序如何，进餐时长（秒）均未观察到差异（P = 0.14）。这些结果在两性的咀嚼次数和咀嚼节奏方面是一致的。披萨、便当（先吃蔬菜）和便当（最后吃蔬菜）的咬合次数相似。进餐时长与咀嚼和咬合次数以及餐食类型呈正相关，与年龄和性别呈负相关。BMI与进餐时长无关。
餐食类型影响进餐时长、咀嚼次数和咀嚼节奏，与进餐顺序无关。要吃得更慢，关注餐食类型很重要。
