Department of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.
Food and Nutrition Service Department, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.
Nutrients. 2024 Sep 2;16(17):2931. doi: 10.3390/nu16172931.
Owing to differences in dietary preferences between men and women, the associations between dietary intake frequency and metabolic parameters may differ between the sexes. A retrospective observational study of the checkup findings of 3147 Japanese individuals (968 men, 2179 women) aged 20-59 years was conducted to examine differences in dietary habits and associations between food frequency and blood parameters (eGFR, HbA1c, uric acid, and lipids) by sex and age. Males were more likely to consume meat, fish, soft drinks, and alcohol, whereas women were more likely to consume soybeans, dairy products, vegetables, fruits, and snacks. Multivariate linear regression models adjusted for age and BMI revealed that meat intake frequency was positively associated with HbA1c (β = 0.007, = 0.03) and negatively associated with eGFR (β = -0.3, = 0.01) only in males, whereas fish intake frequency was positively associated with eGFR (β = 0.4, = 0.005) only in females. Egg and soy intake frequencies were positively and negatively associated with non-HDL-C (egg: β = 0.6, = 0.02; soy: β = -0.3, = 0.03) only in females. Alcohol consumption frequency was associated with uric acid (M: β = 0.06, < 0.001; F: β = 0.06, < 0.001) and HDL-C (M: β = 1.0, < 0.001; F: β = 1.3, < 0.001) in both sexes. Future research is needed to determine whether varying the emphasis of dietary guidance by sex and age group is effective, since the effects of dietary preferences on metabolic parameters vary by age and sex.
由于男女的饮食偏好存在差异，饮食摄入频率与代谢参数之间的关联在性别之间可能存在差异。对 3147 名 20-59 岁日本个体（男性 968 人，女性 2179 人）体检结果进行回顾性观察性研究，以检查性别和年龄对饮食习惯的差异以及食物频率与血液参数（eGFR、HbA1c、尿酸和血脂）之间的关联。男性更倾向于食用肉类、鱼类、软饮料和酒精，而女性更倾向于食用大豆、乳制品、蔬菜、水果和零食。经年龄和 BMI 调整的多元线性回归模型显示，男性中肉类摄入频率与 HbA1c 呈正相关（β=0.007， =0.03），与 eGFR 呈负相关（β=-0.3， =0.01），而鱼类摄入频率仅与女性的 eGFR 呈正相关（β=0.4， =0.005）。鸡蛋和大豆的摄入频率与非 HDL-C 呈正相关和负相关（鸡蛋：β=0.6， =0.02；大豆：β=-0.3， =0.03），仅在女性中。酒精摄入频率与尿酸（M：β=0.06， < 0.001；F：β=0.06， < 0.001）和 HDL-C（M：β=1.0， < 0.001；F：β=1.3， < 0.001）在两性中均相关。需要进一步研究，以确定根据性别和年龄组调整饮食指导的重点是否有效，因为饮食偏好对代谢参数的影响因年龄和性别而异。
