Ferreira Sandro, Rodrigues Tiago, Nunes Mariana, Azul Ana Mano, Mendes José João, Chasqueira Ana Filipa, Costa Joana
Egas Moniz University Clinic, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal.
Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Apr 29;17(9):1215. doi: 10.3390/polym17091215.
Universal adhesives can be applied in versatile bonding strategies, with selective dentin etching (SDE) emerging as a promising approach for enhancing dentin-adhesive interfaces. This study evaluated the immediate adhesive interface to dentin of two universal adhesives (Optibond Universal and Futurabond M+) with an SDE strategy. Sixty human molars were randomly assigned to six experimental groups ( = 10): control (self-etch strategy), SDE, and SDE3 (SDE with three adhesive layers). After dentin exposure and smear layer simulation, adhesives were applied, followed by composite resin restoration. Microtensile bond strength in 1 mm beams was performed in a universal testing machine (1 kN; 0.5 mm/min) after 24 h water storage. Failure modes were classified, and the adhesive interfaces were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy. SDE was higher for both adhesives compared to the control group, but was this change statistically significant in Futurabond M+ only (Mann-Whitney, < 0.001). On the other hand, in Optibond Universal, only SDE3 significantly increased bond strength (Mann-Whitney, < 0.001). Adhesive failures predominated across all groups. Microscopy images revealed longer and more numerous resin tags in SDE and SDE3 specimens. The SDE strategy enhanced immediate bond strength of these universal adhesives, with product-specific variations, suggesting that application strategies should be tailored to each universal adhesive's unique formulation to optimize dentin bonding effectiveness.
通用型粘结剂可应用于多种粘结策略，选择性牙本质酸蚀（SDE）作为一种增强牙本质-粘结剂界面的有前景的方法正在兴起。本研究采用SDE策略评估了两种通用型粘结剂（Optibond Universal和Futurabond M+）与牙本质的即时粘结界面。将60颗人类磨牙随机分为六个实验组（每组 = 10）：对照组（自酸蚀策略）、SDE组和SDE3组（具有三层粘结剂的SDE组）。在暴露牙本质并模拟玷污层后，应用粘结剂，随后进行复合树脂修复。在储存24小时水后，在万能试验机（1 kN；0.5 mm/分钟）上对1毫米梁进行微拉伸粘结强度测试。对失败模式进行分类，并通过扫描电子显微镜对粘结界面进行表征。与对照组相比，两种粘结剂的SDE组均更高，但仅Futurabond M+组的这种变化具有统计学意义（Mann-Whitney检验，P < 0.001）。另一方面，在Optibond Universal中，只有SDE3组显著提高了粘结强度（Mann-Whitney检验，P < 0.001）。所有组中粘结失败均占主导。显微镜图像显示SDE组和SDE3组标本中的树脂突更长且更多。SDE策略提高了这些通用型粘结剂的即时粘结强度，存在产品特异性差异，这表明应用策略应根据每种通用型粘结剂的独特配方进行调整，以优化牙本质粘结效果。
