Marambio Oscar G, Barrera Franco I, Martin-Trasancos Rudy, Sánchez Julio, Palavecino Christian Erick, Pizarro Guadalupe Del C
Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, J.P. Alessandri 1242, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800002, Chile.
Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad De Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins n 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170002, Chile.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 May 3;17(9):1247. doi: 10.3390/polym17091247.
The photosensitive properties of smart photoactive polymers give them a wide range of potential applications across various fields. This study focuses on designing polymeric systems that incorporate hydrophilic polymers, with the primary goal of adapting these materials for biological applications. Specifically, it aims to contribute to the development of photochromic materials for optical processing, utilizing both molecular and macromolecular components. Additionally, this study evaluates the effectiveness of photoactive polymers in photodynamic therapy (PDT). It details the synthesis and characterization of photoactive copolymers derived from maleic anhydride (MAn) combined with vinyl monomers such as 2-methyl-2-butene (MB) and 1-octadecene (OD), as well as the organic compound 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,3-dimethylindoline-6-nitrobenzopyran (SP). The two novel optically active alternating polymeric systems, poly(maleic anhydride--octadecene) and poly(maleic anhydride--2-methyl-2-butene), were functionalized with SP through an esterification process in a 1:1 monomer feed ratio, using pyridine as a catalyst. This methodology incorporated approximately 100% of the photoactive molecules into the main acrylic chain to prepare the alternating copolymers. These copolymers were characterized by UV-visible, FTIR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy and analysis of their optical and thermal properties. When exposed to UV light, the photoactive polymer films can develop a deep blue color (566 nm in the absorption spectra). Finally, the study also assesses their capacity for photodynamic antimicrobial action in organic film. Notably, the photoactive P(MAn--2MB)- significantly enhances the photodynamic antimicrobial activity of the photosensitizer Ru(bpy) against two bacterial strains of , reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) from 2 µg/mL to 0.5 µg/mL. Therefore, 4 times less photosensitizer is required when mixed with the photoactive polymer to inhibit the growth of antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant bacteria.
智能光活性聚合物的光敏特性使其在各个领域具有广泛的潜在应用。本研究专注于设计包含亲水性聚合物的聚合物体系，主要目标是使这些材料适用于生物应用。具体而言，其旨在利用分子和大分子成分，为光学加工的光致变色材料的开发做出贡献。此外，本研究评估了光活性聚合物在光动力疗法（PDT）中的有效性。它详细介绍了由马来酸酐（MAn）与乙烯基单体如2-甲基-2-丁烯（MB）和1-十八烯（OD）以及有机化合物1-(2-羟乙基)-3,3-二甲基吲哚啉-6-硝基苯并吡喃（SP）衍生的光活性共聚物的合成与表征。通过在1:1单体进料比下使用吡啶作为催化剂的酯化过程，将两种新型光学活性交替聚合物体系聚（马来酸酐-十八烯）和聚（马来酸酐-2-甲基-2-丁烯）用SP进行功能化。该方法将约100%的光活性分子纳入主丙烯酸链中以制备交替共聚物。这些共聚物通过紫外可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱和1H-核磁共振光谱以及对其光学和热性能的分析进行表征。当暴露于紫外光时，光活性聚合物薄膜会呈现深蓝色（吸收光谱中为566 nm）。最后，该研究还评估了它们在有机薄膜中的光动力抗菌作用能力。值得注意的是，光活性P(MAn-2MB)-显著增强了光敏剂Ru(bpy)对两种细菌菌株的光动力抗菌活性，将最低抑菌浓度（MIC）从2 μg/mL降低至0.5 μg/mL。因此，与光活性聚合物混合时，抑制抗生素敏感和耐药细菌生长所需的光敏剂减少了4倍。
