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一种基于感应分压器和交流电桥的低噪声高分辨率温度测量技术。

A Low-Noise High-Resolution Temperature Measurement Technique Based on Inductive Voltage Divider and Alternating-Current Bridge.

作者信息

Gao Shanghua, Zhu Xiaoyi, Zhang Xiaofeng, Xue Bing, Xi Jilou, Li Jiang, Zhang Bing, Wang Xiaolei, Wang Yuru, Zhang Haoyue, Wu Xu

机构信息

Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China.

Key Laboratory of Earthquake Forecasting and Risk Assessment, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 100036, China.

出版信息

Sensors (Basel). 2025 Apr 28;25(9):2777. doi: 10.3390/s25092777.

DOI:10.3390/s25092777
PMID:40363215
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12074200/
Abstract

In the field of space gravitational wave detection, high-precision temperature measurement with a resolution at the micro-Kelvin level in the milli-Hertz frequency range is required to mitigate the interference caused by temperature fluctuations around the core components. This is a very challenging task due to resistance thermal noise and the inherent 1/f noise of electronic components. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a low-noise, high-resolution temperature measurement method based on an inductive voltage divider and an alternating-current (AC) bridge. The proposed method has the following three characteristics: (1) it employs an AC excitation signal to drive the temperature measuring bridge to overcome the influence of 1/f noise in electronic components; (2) it uses as few resistance components as possible in the AC bridge and signal detection circuit to reduce the impact of resistance thermal noise on the measurement results; (3) it adopts a frequency-domain data processing algorithm based on discrete Fourier transform to improve the accuracy of the temperature measuring result. Using this method, a circuit board is designed and tested. The results show that the noise floor level of the designed temperature measurement circuit is below 7×10-6 K/Hz in a frequency range of 0.005~1 Hz. This demonstrates that our proposed method is able to detect extremely weak temperature change signals and meets the temperature measurement requirements of space gravitational wave detection.

摘要

在空间引力波探测领域，为减轻核心部件周围温度波动引起的干扰，需要在毫赫兹频率范围内进行分辨率达到微开尔文级别的高精度温度测量。由于电阻热噪声和电子元件固有的1/f噪声，这是一项极具挑战性的任务。为克服这一问题，本文提出了一种基于感应分压器和交流（AC）桥的低噪声、高分辨率温度测量方法。该方法具有以下三个特点：（1）采用交流激励信号驱动温度测量桥，以克服电子元件中1/f噪声的影响；（2）在交流桥和信号检测电路中尽可能少地使用电阻元件，以降低电阻热噪声对测量结果的影响；（3）采用基于离散傅里叶变换的频域数据处理算法，提高温度测量结果的准确性。利用该方法设计并测试了一块电路板。结果表明，在0.005~1Hz频率范围内，所设计的温度测量电路的本底噪声水平低于7×10-6K/Hz。这表明我们提出的方法能够检测极其微弱的温度变化信号，满足空间引力波探测的温度测量要求。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/116d71bdf395/sensors-25-02777-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/a04499c617be/sensors-25-02777-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/0930fcf9edf9/sensors-25-02777-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/2f35c7fba019/sensors-25-02777-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/013d478696e3/sensors-25-02777-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/8f85f2a39cdb/sensors-25-02777-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/5e598660fae3/sensors-25-02777-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/538b441f5699/sensors-25-02777-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/74078e7bf198/sensors-25-02777-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/116d71bdf395/sensors-25-02777-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/a04499c617be/sensors-25-02777-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/0930fcf9edf9/sensors-25-02777-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/2f35c7fba019/sensors-25-02777-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/013d478696e3/sensors-25-02777-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/8f85f2a39cdb/sensors-25-02777-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/5e598660fae3/sensors-25-02777-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/538b441f5699/sensors-25-02777-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/74078e7bf198/sensors-25-02777-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2ec7/12074200/116d71bdf395/sensors-25-02777-g009.jpg

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