Xing Zhikun, Wang Yi, Wei Yabo, Guo Xin, Liang Xiaoyue, Deng Xiaorong, Zhang Lianfu, Zhang Jian
School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
Molecules. 2025 May 7;30(9):2080. doi: 10.3390/molecules30092080.
Ferritin, an emerging protein resource, has garnered significant attention in scientific research due to its biocompatibility and unique cavity structure capable of encapsulating bioactive compounds. This study aimed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for enhancing ferritin yield from northern pike liver byproducts and evaluate its potential as a nanocarrier for chlorogenic acid (CA). Through response surface methodology (RSM), the optimal UAE parameters were established as 200 W ultrasonic power, 1:3 solid-liquid ratio, and 25 min extraction time. Under these conditions, the ferritin extraction yield reached 139.46 mg/kg, representing a 4.02-fold increase compared to conventional methods (34.65 mg/mL). Electrophoretic analysis confirmed the electrophoretic purity of the extracted liver ferritin. Comprehensive characterization using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed preserved structural integrity of UAE-extracted ferritin. Homology modeling provided molecular insights into the ferritin architecture. Successful encapsulation of CA was achieved with an encapsulation efficiency of 13.25%, as quantified by HPLC. Analysis by DLS and ζ potential as well as TG and DSC showed that not only the thermal stability of CA was enhanced after ferritin encapsulation, but also that the ferritin remained stable with a cage-like structure. This investigation establishes UAE as an effective strategy for valorizing fish processing byproducts through high-yield ferritin extraction while demonstrating the protein's functional capacity as a nanocarrier for bioactive compound delivery. The findings highlight the dual advantage of sustainable resource utilization and advanced delivery system development through this biotechnological approach.
铁蛋白作为一种新兴的蛋白质资源，因其生物相容性和能够封装生物活性化合物的独特空腔结构，在科学研究中备受关注。本研究旨在优化超声辅助提取（UAE）工艺，以提高白斑狗鱼肝脏副产物中铁蛋白的产量，并评估其作为绿原酸（CA）纳米载体的潜力。通过响应面法（RSM），确定了最佳的UAE参数为200 W超声功率、1:3固液比和25分钟提取时间。在此条件下，铁蛋白提取率达到139.46 mg/kg，比传统方法（34.65 mg/mL）提高了4.02倍。电泳分析证实了所提取的肝脏铁蛋白的电泳纯度。利用紫外可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱和荧光光谱进行的综合表征显示，UAE提取的铁蛋白结构完整性得以保留。同源建模提供了关于铁蛋白结构的分子见解。通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）定量分析，成功实现了CA的包封，包封效率为13.25%。动态光散射（DLS）和ζ电位分析以及热重分析（TG）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）表明，CA被铁蛋白包封后，不仅其热稳定性增强，而且铁蛋白保持笼状结构稳定。本研究表明，UAE是一种有效的策略，可通过高产率提取铁蛋白来增值鱼类加工副产物，同时证明了该蛋白质作为生物活性化合物递送纳米载体的功能能力。研究结果突出了通过这种生物技术方法实现可持续资源利用和先进递送系统开发的双重优势。
