Bénard Eméra Alice, Carceller Ana Maria, Mayrand Marie-Hélène, Lacroix Jacques, Niyibizi Joseph, Laporte Louise, Audibert François, Coutlée François, Trottier Helen
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
J Infect Dis. 2025 Aug 14;232(2):e213-e222. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaf213.
Little is known on the vertical transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) and on the dynamics of HPV among children. Our objective was to determine the risk of HPV recurrence, persistence, and incidence over 2 years of age among children born to HPV-positive mothers.
We conducted the HERITAGE study among pregnant women recruited between 2010 and 2016 in Canada. HPV DNA testing was done on vaginal samples collected during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy, and on conjunctival, oral, pharyngeal, and genital samples collected in children from birth and at every 3-6 months up to 2 years. We estimated the probability of HPV vertical transmission, and of HPV recurrence, persistence, and incidence among children during follow-up. Time to clear HPV among children was estimated using Kaplan-Meier technique.
Among the 422 women with HPV during pregnancy, 390 carried pregnancy to term, and 395 children were born alive including twins/triplets. HPV vertical transmission was estimated at 7.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0%-10.4%) with a genotype concordance of 85.2%. During the entire follow-up, we observed 91 HPV detections (among 51 children) including 2 recurrent and 1 persistent. Incident genotypes occurred in 26 of the 270 (9.6%) children with valid HPV testing during follow-up. Most HPV infections detected in children cleared with a mean time of 3.9 months (95% CI, 3.6-4.2 months).
HPV vertical transmission and incident HPV occasionally occur during infancy, but the risk of persistence or recurrence is overall very low.
关于人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的垂直传播以及儿童中HPV的动态变化，我们所知甚少。我们的目标是确定HPV阳性母亲所生孩子在2岁以上时HPV复发、持续存在和感染的风险。
我们在2010年至2016年期间于加拿大招募的孕妇中开展了HERITAGE研究。在孕期头三个月和第三个月收集的阴道样本，以及在儿童出生时及出生后每3至6个月直至2岁时收集的结膜、口腔、咽部和生殖器样本上进行HPV DNA检测。我们估计了HPV垂直传播的概率，以及随访期间儿童中HPV复发、持续存在和感染的概率。使用Kaplan-Meier技术估计儿童清除HPV的时间。
在孕期感染HPV的422名女性中，390名足月分娩，395名活产儿（包括双胞胎/三胞胎）。估计HPV垂直传播率为7.3%（95%置信区间[CI]，5.0%-10.4%），基因型一致性为85.2%。在整个随访期间，我们观察到91次HPV检测阳性（在51名儿童中），包括2例复发和1例持续感染。在随访期间接受有效HPV检测的270名儿童中，有26名（9.6%）出现了新的基因型感染。儿童中检测到的大多数HPV感染在平均3.9个月（95%CI，3.6-4.2个月）时清除。
HPV垂直传播和儿童期新发HPV感染偶尔会发生，但持续存在或复发的风险总体非常低。
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