Oktarianti R, Senjarini K, Izza N, Wathon S
University of Jember, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Biology Department, Jember, East Java, Indonesia.
Braz J Biol. 2025 May 9;85:e291063. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.291063. eCollection 2025.
Aedes (Ae) aegypti is the primary mosquito vector responsible for transmitting the pathogens that cause Dengue fever and Dengue hemorrhagic fever. We have previously identified 31 kDa and 56 kDa immunogenic proteins from the salivary glands of Ae. aegypti. The 31 kDa fraction primarily contains D7 protein, which has immunomodulatory properties that influence the host's immune response. This study aims to analyze the humoral (IgG) and specific immune responses (represented by IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines) in a mouse model (Mus musculus) after exposure to the 31 kDa immunogenic protein from the salivary glands of Ae. aegypti. The mice were divided into three treatment groups: group A (elution buffer control), group B (adjuvant control), and group C (31 kDa 0.2 µg/µL + adjuvant). Injections were administered bi-weekly over six weeks. IgG levels and cytokine (IFN-γ and IL-4) concentrations were analyzed using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The results showed that repeated exposure to the 31 kDa immunogenic protein elevated the humoral immune response (IgG) and modulated the host's immune response from the Th1 subset to the Th2 subset, characterized by a decrease in IFN-γ and an increase in IL-4 cytokine concentrations. This modulation is important in developing the host immune response against the transmitted dengue pathogen. This finding confirms that the 31 kDa protein is both immunogenic and immunomodulatory, inducing and modulating the immune response in mice. This study recognizes the 31 kDa protein from the salivary gland of Ae. aegypti as a potential target for the development of a vector-based dengue transmission-blocking vaccine.
埃及伊蚊是传播导致登革热和登革出血热病原体的主要病媒蚊子。我们之前已从埃及伊蚊的唾液腺中鉴定出31 kDa和56 kDa的免疫原性蛋白。31 kDa部分主要包含D7蛋白，该蛋白具有影响宿主免疫反应的免疫调节特性。本研究旨在分析小鼠模型（小家鼠）在接触来自埃及伊蚊唾液腺的31 kDa免疫原性蛋白后，其体液免疫（IgG）和特异性免疫反应（以IFN-γ和IL-4细胞因子为代表）的情况。将小鼠分为三个治疗组：A组（洗脱缓冲液对照组）、B组（佐剂对照组）和C组（31 kDa 0.2 µg/µL +佐剂）。在六周内每两周进行一次注射。使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）方法分析IgG水平和细胞因子（IFN-γ和IL-4）浓度。结果表明，反复接触31 kDa免疫原性蛋白可提高体液免疫反应（IgG），并将宿主的免疫反应从Th1亚群调节至Th2亚群，其特征为IFN-γ浓度降低和IL-4细胞因子浓度升高。这种调节对于宿主针对传播的登革热病原体产生免疫反应很重要。这一发现证实31 kDa蛋白具有免疫原性和免疫调节性，可在小鼠体内诱导和调节免疫反应。本研究确认来自埃及伊蚊唾液腺的31 kDa蛋白是基于载体的登革热传播阻断疫苗开发的潜在靶点。
