Fan Jichao, Chen Ruiyang, Lou Minhan, Xie Haoyu, Hong Nina, Hillam Benjamin, Doumani Jacques, Tang Yingheng, Gao Weilu
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
J.A. Woollam Co., Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA.
Nat Commun. 2025 May 14;16(1):4478. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59600-w.
The ability to design and dynamically control chiroptical responses in solid-state matter at a wafer scale enables new opportunities in various areas. Here, we present a full stack of computer-aided designs and experimental implementations of a dynamically programmable, unified, scalable chiroptical heterostructure containing wafer-scale twisted aligned one-dimensional carbon nanotubes and non-volatile phase change materials. We develop a software infrastructure based on high-performance machine learning frameworks, including differentiable programming and derivative-free optimization, to efficiently optimize the tunability of both reciprocal and nonreciprocal circular dichroism responses, which are experimentally validated. Further, we demonstrate the heterostructure scalability regarding stacking layers and the dual roles of aligned carbon nanotubes - the layer to produce chiroptical responses and the Joule heating electrode to electrically program phase change materials. This heterostructure platform is versatile and expandable to a library of one-dimensional nanomaterials, phase change materials, and electro-optic materials for exploring novel chiral phenomena and photonic and optoelectronic devices.
在晶圆级固态物质中设计和动态控制手性光学响应的能力为各个领域带来了新机遇。在此，我们展示了一个包含晶圆级扭曲排列的一维碳纳米管和非易失性相变材料的动态可编程、统一、可扩展手性光学异质结构的完整计算机辅助设计与实验实现方案。我们基于高性能机器学习框架开发了一个软件基础设施，包括可微编程和无导数优化，以有效优化互易和非互易圆二色性响应的可调性，并通过实验进行了验证。此外，我们展示了异质结构在堆叠层数方面的可扩展性以及排列的碳纳米管的双重作用——产生手性光学响应的层和用于对相变材料进行电编程的焦耳热电极。这个异质结构平台具有通用性且可扩展到一维纳米材料、相变材料和电光材料库，用于探索新型手性现象以及光子和光电器件。
