Chen Xi, Yuan Yixiao, Zhou Fan, Huang Xiaobing, Li Lihua, Pu Jun, Zeng Yong, Jiang Xiulin
Key Laboratory of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease Research of Yunnan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Apr 30;16:1599305. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1599305. eCollection 2025.
RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification is a crucial epitranscriptomic mark that regulates RNA stability, processing, and translation. Emerging evidence highlights its essential role in various physiological processes, including cellular differentiation, stem cell maintenance, and immune responses. Dysregulation of m5C modification has been implicated in multiple pathological conditions, particularly in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms governing m5C deposition, its functional consequences in normal physiology, and its contributions to disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of m5C as a biomarker and therapeutic target, offering new insights into its biological significance and clinical relevance.
RNA 5-甲基胞嘧啶（m5C）修饰是一种关键的表观转录组学标记，可调节RNA的稳定性、加工和翻译。新出现的证据凸显了其在各种生理过程中的重要作用，包括细胞分化、干细胞维持和免疫反应。m5C修饰失调与多种病理状况有关，尤其是癌症、神经退行性疾病和代谢性疾病。本综述全面概述了m5C沉积的分子机制、其在正常生理中的功能后果及其对疾病发病机制的贡献。此外，我们还讨论了m5C作为生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力，为其生物学意义和临床相关性提供了新的见解。
