Gao Yaqi, Fang Jingyuan
State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
RNA Biol. 2021 Oct 15;18(sup1):117-127. doi: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1950993. Epub 2021 Jul 21.
5-methylcytosine (mC) is identified as an abundant and conserved modification in various RNAs, including tRNAs, mRNAs, rRNAs, and other non-coding RNAs. The application of high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry allowed for the detection of mC at a single-nucleotide resolution and at a global abundance separately; this contributes to a better understanding of mC modification and its biological functions. mC modification plays critical roles in diverse aspects of RNA processing, including tRNA stability, rRNA assembly, and mRNA translation. Notably, altered mC modifications and mutated RNA mC methyltransferases are associated with diverse pathological processes, such as nervous system disorders and cancers. This review may provide new sights of molecular mechanism and functional importance of mC modification.
5-甲基胞嘧啶（mC）被认为是包括转运RNA（tRNA）、信使RNA（mRNA）、核糖体RNA（rRNA）及其他非编码RNA在内的多种RNA中一种丰富且保守的修饰。高通量测序和质谱技术的应用分别实现了以单核苷酸分辨率和整体丰度检测mC；这有助于更好地理解mC修饰及其生物学功能。mC修饰在RNA加工的多个方面发挥关键作用，包括tRNA稳定性、rRNA组装及mRNA翻译。值得注意的是，mC修饰改变和RNA mC甲基转移酶突变与多种病理过程相关，如神经系统疾病和癌症。本综述可能为mC修饰的分子机制和功能重要性提供新的见解。
