Khudair Aiman, Khudair Ahmed, Niinuma Sara Anjum, Habib Haniya, Butler Alexandra E
School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain.
Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025 Apr 30;16:1568059. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1568059. eCollection 2025.
Iodine is a critical trace element in the human body. It is primarily obtained through dietary sources such as dairy products, seafood, fish, eggs and certain vegetables. Iodine plays an essential role in various bodily functions, most notably in producing the thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Additionally, it influences the immune, cardiovascular, reproductive and gastrointestinal systems. Historically, iodine deficiency has been a significant global health issue; however, over the past decade, there has been a rise in iodine excess. This surge has been primarily attributed to inadequate monitoring and over-iodization of salt. Despite the well-documented consequences of iodine deficiency, the ramifications of excessive iodine intake remain underexplored. In view of rising global infertility rates, excess iodine has been linked to significant reproductive health effects. These include decreased sperm count, motility and morphology in males, as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes in females, such as maternal thyroid dysfunction and congenital hypothyroidism. This mini-review aims to collate and analyze current literature pertaining to the effects of iodine excess on reproductive health and shed light on its increasing incidence worldwide. Further research on the biological and clinical effects of iodine excess is required to derive a better understanding of this issue. Given the rising prevalence of iodine excess, it is crucial to raise awareness and implement proactive measures to prevent it from escalating into a major public health crisis in the future.
碘是人体中的一种关键微量元素。它主要通过饮食来源获取，如乳制品、海鲜、鱼类、蛋类和某些蔬菜。碘在身体的各种功能中起着至关重要的作用，最显著的是在甲状腺激素三碘甲状腺原氨酸和甲状腺素的产生过程中。此外，它还影响免疫、心血管、生殖和胃肠系统。从历史上看，碘缺乏一直是一个重大的全球健康问题；然而，在过去十年中，碘过量的情况有所增加。这种激增主要归因于监测不足和食盐加碘过量。尽管碘缺乏的后果有充分的文献记载，但碘摄入过量的影响仍未得到充分研究。鉴于全球不孕率不断上升，碘过量与重大的生殖健康影响有关。这些影响包括男性精子数量、活力和形态的下降，以及女性不良的妊娠结局，如母体甲状腺功能障碍和先天性甲状腺功能减退。本综述旨在整理和分析当前有关碘过量对生殖健康影响的文献，并阐明其在全球范围内日益增加的发病率。需要对碘过量的生物学和临床影响进行进一步研究，以更好地理解这个问题。鉴于碘过量的患病率不断上升，提高认识并采取积极措施防止其在未来升级为重大公共卫生危机至关重要。
