Li Long, Sun Xiaodong, Zhou Huangjun, Liu Min, Wen Cai
Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
PLoS One. 2025 May 15;20(5):e0323092. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323092. eCollection 2025.
This study investigated the adhesive filling rate (AFR) of implant prostheses on the abutment shoulder and axial surfaces under various hole opening strategies,and examined the correlation between hole openings and permanent adhesive retention strength.
Implant crowns were divided into five groups: No hole (NH); Occlusal regular hole (ORH: 2.5 mm); Occlusal mini-hole (OMH: 1 mm); Lateral upper mini-hole (LUMH: 1 mm); and Lateral down mini-hole (LDMH: 1 mm). In the AFR experiment, abutments and prostheses were connected with two-color silicone rubber; the coverage of rubber at the inner surface of the prostheses was photographed. Images were analyzed by ImageJ software. In the adhesive retention strength experiment, prostheses and abutments were bonded using permanent resin cement; retention strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Welch's ANOVA, followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference test.
Abutment shoulder AFRs were OMH (98.70 ± 0.42%), LDMH (98.40 ± 1.30%), LUMH (97.92 ± 1.33%), NH (93.99 ± 5.45%), and ORH (86.11 ± 4.90%). One-way ANOVA revealed significant difference among groups (p < 0.001). Axial AFRs were LUMH (99.2 ± 0.47%), ORH (98.3 ± 0.8%), OMH (98.1 ± 0.5%), LDMH (97.9 ± 1.06%), and NH (96.4 ± 4.5%),Welch's ANOVA indicated no significant difference between groups (p = 0.054). In the retention strength experiment, OMH had the highest retention force (369.58 ± 27.27 N), whereas ORH had the lowest (272.81 ± 41.43 N), showing significant differences (p = 0.002).
Implant screw access hole or vent hole opening strategies affected AFR of implant cement-retained posterior crowns. Larger holes or no openings decreased AFR at the abutment shoulder, whereas axial AFR was less affected. Hole openings variations on implant cement-retained posterior crowns might also influence their retention strength.
本研究调查了在各种开孔策略下种植体修复体在基台肩部和轴向表面的粘结填充率（AFR），并检验了开孔与永久粘结固位强度之间的相关性。
种植体冠分为五组：无孔（NH）；咬合常规孔（ORH：2.5毫米）；咬合微孔（OMH：1毫米）；外侧上部微孔（LUMH：1毫米）；以及外侧下部微孔（LDMH：1毫米）。在AFR实验中，基台和修复体用双色硅橡胶连接；拍摄修复体内表面橡胶的覆盖情况。图像用ImageJ软件进行分析。在粘结固位强度实验中，修复体和基台用永久树脂粘结剂粘结；用万能试验机测量固位强度。数据用单因素方差分析（ANOVA）或韦尔奇方差分析进行分析，随后进行Tukey真实显著性差异检验。
基台肩部的AFR分别为OMH（98.70±0.42%）、LDMH（98.40±1.30%）、LUMH（97.92±1.33%）、NH（93.99±5.45%）和ORH（86.11±4.90%）。单因素方差分析显示各组间有显著差异（p<0.001）。轴向AFR分别为LUMH（99.2±0.47%）、ORH（98.3±0.8%）、OMH（98.1±0.5%）、LDMH（97.9±1.06%）和NH（96.4±4.5%），韦尔奇方差分析表明各组间无显著差异（p=0.054）。在固位强度实验中，OMH的固位力最高（369.58±27.27牛），而ORH的固位力最低（272.81±41.43牛），显示出显著差异（p=0.002）。
种植体螺丝通道孔或通气孔的开孔策略影响种植体粘结固位后牙冠的AFR。较大的孔或无孔会降低基台肩部的AFR，而轴向AFR受影响较小。种植体粘结固位后牙冠的开孔变化也可能影响其固位强度。
