Li Shu, Yang Ruinan, Zhao Zhengyi, Xie Mengzhang, Zhou Yong, Zeng Qin, Zhu Xiangdong, Zhang Xingdong
National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterials & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices & NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
Acta Biomater. 2025 Jun 15;200:87-114. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2025.05.019. Epub 2025 May 13.
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) are well-known nanomaterials for bone regeneration or repair. In recent years, HANPs have emerged as a potential tool in tumor therapy because of the numerous advantages the nanoparticles offer, including the diverse physicochemical properties, the selective anti-tumor effect, intrinsic immunomodulatory activity, ability to reverse of drug or immune tolerance, allowance of ion substation, good drug-loading capabilities, etc. Notably, the physicochemical properties of the particles, such as size and shape, significantly influence their anti-tumor efficacy. Therefore, to offer a comprehensive understanding of the key properties of HANPs and the involving molecular mechanisms, and provide crucial cues for rational design and development of novel HANPs-based anti-tumor platforms, this review summarizes various synthesis methods of HANPs with controlled physiochemical characteristics and highlights the multifaceted effects such as interactions with tumor cells and immune cells, regulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME), overcoming drug or immune resistance, and their potentials as effective drug carriers. This review also outlines the emerging strategies leveraging HANPs for tumor therapy and diagnostic imaging. At last, we discuss the challenges HANPs face when used for tumor treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) have emerged as a promising tool in tumor therapy without compromising biocompatibility. This review highlights the unique and multifaceted features of HANPs in tumor therapy, including the selective induction of tumor cell apoptosis, engagement in immune regulation, reversal of drug or immune resistance, and the loading of diverse anti-tumor drugs or biomaterials. Additionally, this review emphasizes the influence of the intrinsic physicochemical properties of HANPs on their anti-tumor activity, and explores the emerging strategies that leverage HANPs for tumor therapy and diagnostic imaging. In summary, this work aims to provide a comprehensive and deep understanding of the role of HANPs in tumor therapy and is significant for the improved design of HANP-based platforms for tumor therapy.
羟基磷灰石纳米颗粒（HANPs）是用于骨再生或修复的著名纳米材料。近年来，由于纳米颗粒具有众多优势，包括多样的物理化学性质、选择性抗肿瘤作用、内在免疫调节活性、逆转药物或免疫耐受的能力、离子置换能力、良好的载药能力等，HANPs已成为肿瘤治疗中的一种潜在工具。值得注意的是，颗粒的物理化学性质，如尺寸和形状，会显著影响其抗肿瘤功效。因此，为了全面了解HANPs的关键性质及其涉及的分子机制，并为合理设计和开发新型基于HANPs的抗肿瘤平台提供关键线索，本综述总结了具有可控物理化学特性的HANPs的各种合成方法，并突出了其多方面的作用，如与肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的相互作用、肿瘤微环境（TME）的调节、克服药物或免疫耐药性以及作为有效药物载体的潜力。本综述还概述了利用HANPs进行肿瘤治疗和诊断成像的新兴策略。最后，我们讨论了HANPs用于肿瘤治疗时面临的挑战。重要性声明：羟基磷灰石纳米颗粒（HANPs）已成为肿瘤治疗中有前景的工具，且不影响生物相容性。本综述突出了HANPs在肿瘤治疗中独特且多方面的特性，包括选择性诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、参与免疫调节、逆转药物或免疫耐药性以及负载多种抗肿瘤药物或生物材料。此外，本综述强调了HANPs内在物理化学性质对其抗肿瘤活性的影响，并探索了利用HANPs进行肿瘤治疗和诊断成像的新兴策略。总之，这项工作旨在全面深入地了解HANPs在肿瘤治疗中的作用，对于改进基于HANP的肿瘤治疗平台设计具有重要意义。
