Tilahun Mihret, Gedefie Alemu, Sharew Bekele, Debash Habtu, Shibabaw Agumas
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, P.O. Box: 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
BMC Infect Dis. 2025 May 15;25(1):705. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-11095-y.
Bacterial eye infections are major global health issue in developing countries like Ethiopia, poor hygiene, limited healthcare infrastructure, and inadequate treatment options contribute to the increased burden of these infections, leading to significant ocular morbidity and potential blindness. Major bacterial pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are responsible for these infections. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to synthesize existing literature on the prevalence of bacterial eye infections in Ethiopia, identify common bacterial pathogens, and analyze antibiotic resistance patterns.
Comprehensive search were performed across electronic databases and grey literature using specific search terms. Eligible studies were organized in MS Excel and imported into STATA version 14 for statistical analysis. The pooled prevalence of bacterial eye infections and multidrug resistance patterns was calculated using a random-effects model, with heterogeneity assessed via the I² statistic. Publication bias was evaluated through funnel plots and Egger's test. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the influence of individual studies on the overall effect size.
The systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 studies conducted in Ethiopia revealed significant regional variations in the prevalence of bacterial eye infections and multidrug resistance (MDR). The overall pooled prevalence of bacterial eye infections was 54.07%, with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 99.2%). Prevalence rates varied across regions, with the highest in Oromia (62.98%) and the lowest in SNNPR (34.3%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen (45.47%), followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococci (36.14%). The pooled prevalence of MDR was 66.06%, with the highest rates in Somali (87.7%) and the lowest in Tigray (37.9%). Subgroup analysis showed higher prevalence in studies before 2020 and with smaller sample sizes.
In conclusion, the study highlights a high prevalence of bacterial eye infections and multidrug resistance in Ethiopia, with significant regional variation. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions and antimicrobial stewardship programs to address the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance in Ethiopia.
在埃塞俄比亚等发展中国家，细菌性眼部感染是一个重大的全球健康问题。卫生条件差、医疗基础设施有限以及治疗选择不足导致这些感染的负担加重，进而导致严重的眼部疾病和潜在失明。包括金黄色葡萄球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌和铜绿假单胞菌在内的主要细菌病原体是这些感染的病因。本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是综合埃塞俄比亚细菌性眼部感染患病率的现有文献，确定常见的细菌病原体，并分析抗生素耐药模式。
使用特定检索词在电子数据库和灰色文献中进行全面检索。符合条件的研究整理到MS Excel中，并导入STATA 14版进行统计分析。使用随机效应模型计算细菌性眼部感染和多重耐药模式的合并患病率，并通过I²统计量评估异质性。通过漏斗图和Egger检验评估发表偏倚。进行敏感性分析以评估个别研究对总体效应大小的影响。
对在埃塞俄比亚进行的19项研究的系统评价和荟萃分析显示，细菌性眼部感染患病率和多重耐药（MDR）存在显著的地区差异。细菌性眼部感染的总体合并患病率为54.07%，异质性较大（I² = 99.2%）。各地区患病率不同，奥罗米亚地区最高（62.98%），南方各族州最低（34.3%）。金黄色葡萄球菌是最常见的病原体（45.47%），其次是凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（36.14%）。MDR的合并患病率为66.06%，索马里地区最高（87.7%），提格雷地区最低（37.9%）。亚组分析显示，2020年之前的研究和样本量较小的研究患病率较高。
总之，该研究突出了埃塞俄比亚细菌性眼部感染和多重耐药的高患病率，且存在显著的地区差异。这些发现凸显了迫切需要采取有针对性的干预措施和抗菌药物管理计划，以应对埃塞俄比亚日益严峻的抗生素耐药挑战。
