Mustafa Eman A, Hanafy Seham A, Yousry Tarek N, Ismail Hanan A
Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 May 15;25(1):733. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06100-4.
Swimming is widely recognized as one of the healthiest forms of exercise, but chlorinated water in swimming pools can adversely affect orthodontic bracket bonding. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of chlorinated water with varying pH levels on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets and to assess the adhesive remnant index (ARI) following bracket debonding.
A total of 126 sound premolars (71 maxillary and 55 mandibular) were randomly divided into three experimental groups: two test groups and one control group. In the test groups (Groups 1 and 2), the teeth were soaked in chlorinated water at two different pH values (pH 7.4 and pH 3), whereas in the control group (Group 3), the teeth were soaked in artificial saliva (pH 7). The soaking period lasted for 12 days to simulate one year of swimming training. A consistent bonding protocol was applied for all the samples. Each group was further randomly divided into three subgroups of 14 premolars to compare the SBS and ARI values immediately after bonding (Subgroup 1), after 6 days of bonding (mimicking 6 months of training) (Subgroup 2), and after 12 days of bonding (mimicking one year of training) (Subgroup 3).
In all the subgroups, the control group consistently had a higher SBS than did the test groups. Compared with Group 1, Group 2 had a significantly lower SBS. Specifically, the means and standard deviations in Group 1 were 7.34 ± 0.99 MPa for Subgroup 1, 6.89 ± 0.95 MPa for Subgroup 2, and 5.59 ± 1.09 MPa for Subgroup 3. In Group 2, the values were 6.12 ± 0.72 MPa for Subgroup 1, 5.82 ± 0.70 MPa for Subgroup 2, and 4.52 ± 0.86 MPa for Subgroup 3. Conversely, Group 3 presented means and standard deviations of 9.01 ± 0.99 MPa for Subgroup 1, 9.06 ± 0.91 MPa for Subgroup 2, and 9.10 ± 0.92 MPa for Subgroup 3. The ARI values were not significantly different between the groups.
The pH of chlorinated swimming pool water affects the bond strength of orthodontic brackets, with a more acidic pH resulting in diminished bond strength. Accordingly, continuous monitoring of the pH of swimming pool water is essential.
游泳被广泛认为是最健康的运动形式之一，但游泳池中的氯化水会对正畸托槽粘结产生不利影响。本研究的目的是确定不同pH值的氯化水对金属托槽剪切粘结强度（SBS）的影响，并评估托槽脱粘后的粘结残留指数（ARI）。
总共126颗健康前磨牙（上颌71颗，下颌55颗）被随机分为三个实验组：两个测试组和一个对照组。在测试组（第1组和第2组）中，牙齿浸泡在两种不同pH值（pH 7.4和pH 3）的氯化水中，而在对照组（第3组）中，牙齿浸泡在人工唾液（pH 7）中。浸泡期持续12天以模拟一年的游泳训练。对所有样本采用一致的粘结方案。每组进一步随机分为三个亚组，每组14颗前磨牙，以比较粘结后即刻（亚组1）、粘结6天后（模拟6个月训练）（亚组2）和粘结12天后（模拟一年训练）（亚组3）的SBS和ARI值。
在所有亚组中，对照组的SBS始终高于测试组。与第1组相比，第2组的SBS显著更低。具体而言，第1组亚组1的均值和标准差分别为7.34±0.99MPa，亚组2为6.89±0.95MPa，亚组3为5.59±1.09MPa。在第2组中，亚组1的值为6.12±0.72MPa，亚组2为5.82±0.70MPa，亚组3为4.52±0.86MPa。相反，第3组亚组1的均值和标准差为9.01±0.99MPa，亚组2为9.06±0.91MPa'，亚组3为9.10±0.92MPa。各组之间的ARI值无显著差异。
氯化游泳池水的pH值会影响正畸托槽的粘结强度，pH值越低，粘结强度越低。因此，持续监测游泳池水的pH值至关重要。
