社区居住老年人口腔衰弱的患病率：一项系统评价和荟萃分析。

Prevalence of oral frailty in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

作者信息

Dou Jun-Kai, Liu Huan, Mei Yan, Wang Song, Zhang Ying, Zhao Shao-Hua, Shi Xue-Zhi

机构信息

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Lu'an People's Hospital, Lu'an, Anhui, China.

Department of Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China.

出版信息

Front Public Health. 2025 May 1;13:1423387. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1423387. eCollection 2025.

DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1423387

PMID:40376056

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12078140/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Older adults are vulnerable to oral frailty due to factors such as age, education level, physical condition, and limited access to medical resources. Given that oral frailty can lead to adverse outcomes and is often overlooked by policymakers and health professionals, it is important to understand the current state of oral frailty among community-dwelling older adults.

DESIGN

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS

Two researchers independently conducted searches in seven databases, extracted data, and assessed the quality of eligible studies. Data from cross-sectional studies or cohort studies with a clear definition of oral frailty. Stata 14.0 was utilized to evaluate the overall prevalence of oral frailty, while Cochrane's statistics were employed to assess statistical heterogeneity.

RESULTS

A total of 15 studies were ultimately included in this analysis. The pooled prevalence of oral frailty among community-dwelling older adults was 32% (95% CI: 24%-40%, = 98.9%, < 0.001). By country, the prevalence was 53% (95% CI: 42%-65%) in China and 22% (95% CI: 19%-39%) in Japan. The incidence of oral frailty was 29% (95% CI: 18%-39%) among those aged 74 and over and 26% (95% CI: 16%-36%) among those under 74. The prevalence of oral frailty was 46% (95% CI: 31%-60%) as assessed by the OFI-8 scale, 18% (95% CI: 14%-22%) using the OF-6 scale, and 37% (95% CI: 34%-39%) with the OFI-5 scale. The rates of oral frailty reported before 2021 and between 2022-2024 were 17% (95% CI: 13%-21%) and 42% (95% CI: 31%-53%), respectively. The rate of oral frailty was 39% (95% CI: 23%-54%) for sample sizes ≤ 500, and 25% (95% CI: 16%-33%) for sample sizes >500. Univariate meta-regression analysis revealed that country, measurement method, and publication year might be sources of heterogeneity. Funnel plot analysis and Egger's test showed no significant publication bias among the eligible studies.

CONCLUSION

Our study found that oral frailty affects more than one in three older adults living in the community. This highlights the importance for policymakers and health professionals to screen early and implement effective measures to prevent oral frailty among older adults residing in community settings.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#searchadvanced, identifier: CRD42024527800.

摘要

背景

由于年龄、教育水平、身体状况以及医疗资源获取有限等因素，老年人易患口腔衰弱。鉴于口腔衰弱会导致不良后果，且常被政策制定者和卫生专业人员忽视，了解社区居住老年人的口腔衰弱现状十分重要。

设计

系统评价和荟萃分析。

方法

两名研究人员独立在七个数据库中进行检索、提取数据并评估符合条件的研究质量。纳入明确界定口腔衰弱的横断面研究或队列研究的数据。使用Stata 14.0评估口腔衰弱的总体患病率，采用Cochrane统计量评估统计异质性。

结果

本分析最终纳入15项研究。社区居住老年人中口腔衰弱的合并患病率为32%（95%置信区间：24%-40%，I² = 98.9%，P < 0.001）。按国家划分，中国的患病率为53%（95%置信区间：42%-65%），日本为22%（95%置信区间：19%-39%）。74岁及以上人群中口腔衰弱的发病率为29%（95%置信区间：18%-39%），74岁以下人群为26%（95%置信区间：16%-36%）。根据OFI-8量表评估，口腔衰弱的患病率为46%（95%置信区间：31%-60%），使用OF-6量表为18%（95%置信区间：14%-22%），使用OFI-5量表为37%（95%置信区间：34%-39%）。2021年之前以及2022 - 2024年期间报告的口腔衰弱率分别为17%（95%置信区间：13%-21%）和42%（95%置信区间：31%-53%）。样本量≤500时口腔衰弱率为39%（95%置信区间：23%-54%），样本量>500时为25%（95%置信区间：16%-33%）。单变量元回归分析显示，国家、测量方法和发表年份可能是异质性的来源。漏斗图分析和Egger检验表明，符合条件的研究中无显著的发表偏倚。