Lawrence Austin, Boesel Joseph, Martinez Aguilar Rogelio, Gryczewski Drew, Moni Ahmed Suparno Bahar
The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
Orthop Surg. 2025 Jul;17(7):1913-1923. doi: 10.1111/os.70064. Epub 2025 May 16.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common musculoskeletal disorder impacting millions in the United States, presenting with joint pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Its complex origins and lack of clear early-stage symptoms make early detection challenging. Traditional diagnostic methods, including imaging, are often used when significant cartilage loss has already occurred. However, serum biomarkers offer potential for earlier and less invasive detection. For our review, articles published from 1980 to 2024 that analyzed OA serum biomarkers were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The analysis included biomarker frequency, percent changes from baseline levels, and logistic regression to assess correlations with OA. Several biomarkers exhibited altered levels in OA, classified into inflammatory, collagenous, mechanical stress, and other categories. Inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and MPO showed significant elevation, while TNF-α showed minimal correlation with OA. Collagenous markers, especially COMP, were consistently elevated in patients, correlating with disease severity. Additionally, PIIANP showed a strong negative correlation with OA progression. Obesity-related markers, including resistin, were also associated with OA, and logistic regression confirmed IL-6, COMP, and resistin as strongly correlated with OA, with PIIANP demonstrating a significant inverse relationship. This review highlights the critical role of serum biomarkers in OA detection and progression. Markers like IL-6, COMP, and PIIANP offer significant potential for early diagnosis. Integrating these biomarkers into clinical practice may facilitate earlier intervention, potentially slowing OA progression. Future research should focus on validating these findings across larger, diverse populations and refining therapeutic strategies targeting these biomarker pathways.
骨关节炎（OA）是一种常见的肌肉骨骼疾病，在美国影响着数百万人，表现为关节疼痛、僵硬和活动能力下降。其复杂的起源和缺乏明显的早期症状使得早期检测具有挑战性。传统的诊断方法，包括影像学检查，通常在已经发生显著软骨损失时才使用。然而，血清生物标志物为更早且侵入性较小的检测提供了潜力。在本次综述中，从PubMed、Embase和Web of Science检索了1980年至2024年发表的分析OA血清生物标志物的文章。分析包括生物标志物频率、相对于基线水平的百分比变化以及评估与OA相关性的逻辑回归。几种生物标志物在OA中呈现水平改变，分为炎症、胶原、机械应力和其他类别。炎症标志物如IL-6和MPO显示显著升高，而TNF-α与OA的相关性最小。胶原标志物，尤其是COMP，在患者中持续升高，与疾病严重程度相关。此外，PIIANP与OA进展呈强烈负相关。包括抵抗素在内的与肥胖相关的标志物也与OA相关，逻辑回归证实IL-6、COMP和抵抗素与OA密切相关，而PIIANP呈现显著的负相关关系。本综述强调了血清生物标志物在OA检测和进展中的关键作用。像IL-6、COMP和PIIANP这样的标志物在早期诊断方面具有巨大潜力。将这些生物标志物整合到临床实践中可能有助于更早进行干预，有可能减缓OA的进展。未来的研究应专注于在更大、更多样化的人群中验证这些发现，并完善针对这些生物标志物途径的治疗策略。
