Carroll Jennifer E, Guard Hannah E, March David, Arcaro Kathleen F, Huset Carin, Balasubramanian Raji, Kontos Despina, Sturgeon Susan R
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts.
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2025 Aug 1;34(8):1306-1313. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1694.
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) found in many household and personal care products have hormonal properties and effects on the mammary gland. It is unclear whether urinary concentrations of EDCs are associated with higher percent breast density, a major risk factor of breast cancer.
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 97 college-aged women. We quantified individual levels of bisphenol A, bisphenol S, bisphenol F, triclosan, triclocarban, 3-benzophenone, seven phthalate metabolites, four parabens, and two other phenols in three 24-hour urine samples combined into a single pooled sample. Each woman had non-enhanced MRI to assess percent breast density. Associations between estimated concentrations of individual EDCs and percent breast density were analyzed using adjusted linear regression.
There was no evidence of a statistically significant increase in mean percent breast density in the middle or highest tertile for any EDC measured. There was a suggestion that the mean percent breast density was elevated in individuals in the middle and highest tertile levels of ethyl paraben compared with those in the lowest tertile, with a relative increase in mean percent breast density of 16% (β = 1.16; 95% CI, 0.92-1.46) in tertile 2 and 24% (β = 1.24; 95% CI, 0.99-1.57) in tertile 3, relative to tertile 1 (Ptrend = 0.07). Similar trends in percent breast density were observed for methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben.
Urinary levels of EDCs were not associated with percent breast density in college-aged women.
The estimated effect of EDCs on the breast tissue of young women is unclear and warrants larger studies.
在许多家用和个人护理产品中发现的内分泌干扰化学物质（EDC）具有激素特性，并对乳腺产生影响。目前尚不清楚尿液中EDC的浓度是否与较高的乳腺密度百分比相关，而乳腺密度是乳腺癌的一个主要风险因素。
我们对97名大学年龄女性进行了一项横断面研究。我们将三个24小时尿液样本合并为一个混合样本，对其中的双酚A、双酚S、双酚F、三氯生、三氯卡班、3-二苯甲酮、七种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物、四种对羟基苯甲酸酯以及另外两种酚类物质进行了个体水平定量分析。每位女性都进行了非增强磁共振成像（MRI）以评估乳腺密度百分比。使用校正线性回归分析个体EDC估计浓度与乳腺密度百分比之间的关联。
对于所检测的任何一种EDC，在中位数或最高三分位数中均未发现乳腺密度百分比均值有统计学显著增加的证据。有迹象表明，与最低三分位数相比，对羟基苯甲酸乙酯中位数和最高三分位数个体的乳腺密度百分比均值有所升高，相对于第一三分位数，第二三分位数的乳腺密度百分比均值相对增加16%（β = 1.16；95%置信区间，0.92 - 1.46），第三三分位数相对增加24%（β = 1.24；95%置信区间，0.99 - 1.57）（趋势P值 = 0.07）。对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯也观察到了类似的乳腺密度百分比趋势。
大学年龄女性尿液中EDC水平与乳腺密度百分比无关。
EDC对年轻女性乳腺组织的估计影响尚不清楚，需要开展更大规模的研究。
