Tsirintani Maria
University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.
Stud Health Technol Inform. 2025 May 15;327:208-212. doi: 10.3233/SHTI250303.
This paper explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Public Health (PH), examining its benefits, challenges, and ethical considerations. AI has become an essential tool in healthcare, improving diagnosis, treatment, and health system management. Its applications range from disease surveillance to personalized patient care, offering transformative potential in addressing public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the rapid adoption of AI technologies also raises concerns related to accuracy, bias, ethical dilemmas, and the safety of AI-driven decisions in healthcare. The paper presents a systematic review of the literature, identifying key areas where AI is used in public health, alongside the advantages and potential risks. Additionally, it highlights the importance of the EU AI Act, which categorizes public health AI systems as high-risk, requiring strict oversight to ensure transparency, accountability, and the protection of individual rights. The Act serves as a critical framework to foster trust and safety in AI applications, ensuring their responsible and ethical use in public health while enhancing Europe's preparedness for future health challenges. Further research is needed to address the limitations and ethical issues associated with AI in public health, including its impact on workforce dynamics and equitable healthcare access.
本文探讨了人工智能（AI）在公共卫生（PH）中的作用，审视了其益处、挑战及伦理考量。人工智能已成为医疗保健领域的一项重要工具，改善了诊断、治疗及卫生系统管理。其应用范围涵盖从疾病监测到个性化患者护理，在应对诸如新冠疫情等公共卫生危机方面具有变革潜力。然而，人工智能技术的迅速采用也引发了与准确性、偏差、伦理困境以及医疗保健中人工智能驱动决策的安全性相关的担忧。本文对文献进行了系统综述，确定了人工智能在公共卫生中应用的关键领域，以及其优势和潜在风险。此外，本文强调了欧盟人工智能法案的重要性，该法案将公共卫生人工智能系统归类为高风险系统，需要严格监督以确保透明度、问责制及个人权利保护。该法案是在人工智能应用中促进信任和安全的关键框架，确保其在公共卫生中的负责任和符合伦理的使用，同时增强欧洲对未来健康挑战的应对能力。需要进一步开展研究，以解决与公共卫生领域人工智能相关的局限性和伦理问题，包括其对劳动力动态和公平医疗保健可及性的影响。
