Blanken Sara Lynn, Kilama Maxwell, Ramjith Jordache, Musiime Alex K, Lanke Kjerstin, Ayo Daniel, Huijbers Kristiaan, Hofste Tom, Conrad Melissa, Krezanoski Paul, Dorsey Grant, Kamya Moses R, Arinaitwe Emmanuel, Bousema Teun
Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Infectious Disease Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.
J Infect. 2025 Jul;91(1):106508. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106508. Epub 2025 May 16.
The number of Anopheles mosquito bites a person receives determines the risk of acquiring malaria and the likelihood of transmitting infections to mosquitoes. We assessed heterogeneity in Anopheles biting and associated factors in two settings in Uganda with different endemicity.
Plasmodium falciparum parasites in blood-fed indoor caught Anopheles mosquitoes were quantified using qPCR targeting the Pf18S rRNA gene. Human DNA in dried blood spots from household occupants and mosquito blood meals was profiled using 15 short-tandem repeats (STRs) and analysed using a log-likelihood approach for matching of both single and multi-sourced blood meals and incomplete DNA profiles.
The distribution of mosquito bites was non-random; school-age children (5-15 years) and adults (≥16 years) had a mosquito biting rate ratio (BRR) 1.76 (95%CI 1.27-2.44, P < 0.001) and 1.96 (95%CI 1.41-2.73, P < 0.0001) times that of children under 5 years, respectively. Biting rates were lower in bed net users (BRR: 0.80, 95%CI 0.65-0.99, P = 0.042), and higher in males (BRR: 1.30, 95%CI 1.01-1.66, P = 0.043) and individuals infected with P. falciparum (BRR: 1.42, 95%CI 1.03-1.96, P = 0.030), though the latter effect lost statistical significance in sensitivity analyses.
Adults and school-age children are at higher risk of receiving mosquito bites, and this has implications for the relative importance of demographic populations to onward malaria transmission to mosquitoes.
一个人被按蚊叮咬的次数决定了感染疟疾的风险以及将感染传播给蚊子的可能性。我们评估了乌干达两个疟疾流行程度不同地区按蚊叮咬情况的异质性及相关因素。
对室内捕获的吸食人血的按蚊，采用靶向Pf18S rRNA基因的qPCR定量检测恶性疟原虫寄生虫。利用15个短串联重复序列（STR）对住户干血斑中的人类DNA和蚊虫血餐进行分析，并采用对数似然法分析单源和多源血餐以及不完整DNA图谱的匹配情况。
蚊虫叮咬分布并非随机；学龄儿童（5 - 15岁）和成年人（≥16岁）的蚊虫叮咬率比值（BRR）分别是5岁以下儿童的1.76倍（95%CI 1.27 - 2.44，P < 0.001）和1.96倍（95%CI 1.41 - 2.73，P < 0.0001）。使用蚊帐者的叮咬率较低（BRR：0.80，95%CI 0.65 - 0.99，P = 0.042），男性的叮咬率较高（BRR：1.30，95%CI 1.01 - 1.66，P = 0.043），感染恶性疟原虫的个体叮咬率也较高（BRR：1.42，95%CI 1.03 - 1.96，P = 0.030），不过在敏感性分析中，后一种效应失去了统计学意义。
成年人和学龄儿童被蚊虫叮咬的风险较高，这对不同人群在疟疾传播给蚊子过程中的相对重要性具有影响。
