一种通过双特异性抗体介导的预定位作用具有增强的HIV-1中和能力的广谱抗体。

A broad antibody with enhanced HIV-1 neutralization via bispecific antibody-mediated prepositioning.

作者信息

Kim Soohyun, Radford Caelan E, Xu Duo, Zhong Jianing, Do Jonathan, Pham Dominic M, Travisano Katie A, Filsinger Interrante Maria V, Bruun Theodora U J, Rezek Valerie, Wilder Bailey, Palomares Martina, Seaman Michael S, Kitchen Scott G, Bloom Jesse D, Kim Peter S

机构信息

Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

出版信息

Nat Commun. 2025 May 18;16(1):4617. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-60035-6.

Abstract

Antibodies targeting the highly conserved prehairpin intermediate (PHI) of class I viral membrane-fusion proteins are generally weakly neutralizing and are not considered viable therapeutic agents. We previously demonstrated that antibodies targeting the gp41 N-heptad repeat (NHR), which is transiently exposed in the HIV-1 PHI, exhibit enhanced broad neutralization in cells expressing the Fc receptor, FcγRI. To enhance neutralization in cells lacking FcγRI, we here develop a bispecific antibody (bsAb) by fusing an NHR-targeting antibody to an antibody against CD4, the HIV-1 receptor on T cells. The bsAb provides a 5000-fold neutralization enhancement and shows unprecedented neutralization breadth compared to existing broadly neutralizing antibodies. Importantly, the bsAb reduces viral load in HIV-1-infected humanized male mice, and viral envelope sequencing under bsAb pressure revealed an NHR mutation that potentially impairs viral fitness. These findings validate the NHR as a potential HIV-1 therapeutic target, setting the stage for a new class of broadly neutralizing antibodies.

摘要

靶向I类病毒膜融合蛋白高度保守的前发夹中间体(PHI)的抗体通常中和作用较弱,不被视为可行的治疗药物。我们之前证明,靶向gp41 N-七肽重复序列(NHR)的抗体在表达Fc受体FcγRI的细胞中表现出增强的广泛中和作用,该序列在HIV-1 PHI中短暂暴露。为了增强在缺乏FcγRI的细胞中的中和作用,我们在此通过将靶向NHR的抗体与抗CD4(T细胞上的HIV-1受体)的抗体融合来开发一种双特异性抗体(bsAb)。与现有的广泛中和抗体相比,该bsAb提供了5000倍的中和增强作用,并显示出前所未有的中和广度。重要的是,该bsAb降低了HIV-1感染的人源化雄性小鼠的病毒载量,并且在bsAb压力下的病毒包膜测序揭示了一个可能损害病毒适应性的NHR突变。这些发现验证了NHR作为潜在的HIV-1治疗靶点,为一类新的广泛中和抗体奠定了基础。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2dc6/12086220/16803ee7d9f2/41467_2025_60035_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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