Liang Jiahui, Liu Conghui, Xu Tailin
College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China.
Mater Horiz. 2025 Aug 11;12(16):5975-5993. doi: 10.1039/d5mh00279f.
Real-time monitoring of respiratory health is increasingly critical, particularly in addressing global health challenges such as Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Smart masks equipped with biosensing mechanisms revolutionize respiratory health monitoring by enabling real-time detection of respiratory parameters and biomarkers. In recent years, significant advancements have been achieved in the development of smart masks based on different sensor types with high sensitivity and accuracy, flexible functionality, and portability, providing new approaches for remote and real-time monitoring of respiratory parameters and biomarkers. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of development and future potential of biosensing smart masks in various domains. This review outlines a systematic categorization of smart masks according to diverse sensing principles, classifying them into six categories: electrochemical sensors, optical sensors, piezoelectric sensors, and others. This review discusses the basic sensing principles and mechanisms of smart masks and describes the existing research developments of their different biosensors. Additionally, it explores the innovative applications of smart masks in health monitoring, protective functions, and expanding application scenarios. This review also identifies the current challenges faced by smart masks, including issues with sensor accuracy, environmental interference, and the need for better integration of multifunctional features. Proposed solutions to these challenges are discussed, along with the anticipated role of smart masks in early disease detection, personalized medicine, and environmental protection.
实时监测呼吸健康变得越来越重要，尤其是在应对诸如2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）等全球健康挑战方面。配备生物传感机制的智能口罩通过实现对呼吸参数和生物标志物的实时检测，彻底改变了呼吸健康监测。近年来，基于不同传感器类型的智能口罩在开发方面取得了重大进展，具有高灵敏度和准确性、灵活的功能以及便携性，为远程和实时监测呼吸参数和生物标志物提供了新方法。在本综述中，我们旨在全面概述生物传感智能口罩在各个领域的发展现状和未来潜力。本综述根据不同的传感原理对智能口罩进行了系统分类，将它们分为六类：电化学传感器、光学传感器、压电传感器等。本综述讨论了智能口罩的基本传感原理和机制，并描述了其不同生物传感器的现有研究进展。此外，还探讨了智能口罩在健康监测、防护功能和扩展应用场景方面的创新应用。本综述还指出了智能口罩目前面临的挑战，包括传感器准确性问题、环境干扰以及多功能特性更好整合的需求。讨论了针对这些挑战的建议解决方案，以及智能口罩在疾病早期检测、个性化医疗和环境保护方面的预期作用。
