Cosgrove Kelly T, Cornier Marc-Andre, McHugo Maureen, Melanson Edward L, Hild Allison, Kronberg Eugene, Thomas Elizabeth A, Dodd Keith, Claus Eric D, Tregellas Jason R, Legget Kristina T
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2025 Jul;33(7):1263-1274. doi: 10.1002/oby.24307. Epub 2025 May 19.
This study compared effects of exercise training and diet on impulsivity-related behaviors as measured by delay discounting and related neurobiology in adults with overweight or obesity. We hypothesized that exercise versus diet would be associated with reduced delay discounting propensity (k) and increased response in brain regions involved in cognitive control (medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral anterior insulae).
Participants (N = 40) were randomized to 12 weeks of exercise training or diet intervention. At baseline and postintervention, they completed a delay discounting task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in fasted and fed (post-meal) conditions. Linear mixed effects models assessed fasted-fed intervention effects on k and brain response in regions of interest. Exploratory analyses assessed whole-brain, satiety-state-specific, and reaction time effects.
Across groups, k and reaction time during delay discounting decreased and weight decreased from baseline to postintervention (p values ≤ 0.010). In exploratory fed-state whole-brain analyses, a group × session effect was observed in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (p < 0.005), driven by exercise-associated changes. A similar group × session interaction effect was observed in the anterior cingulate cortex (p = 0.006), also driven by reductions in fed-state response.
Both interventions altered delay discounting behaviors. Exercise training was associated with reduced fed-state engagement of brain regions involved in self-referential processing and regulation during decision-making.
本研究比较了运动训练和饮食对超重或肥胖成年人冲动相关行为（通过延迟折扣测量）及相关神经生物学的影响。我们假设，与饮食相比，运动将与延迟折扣倾向（k）降低以及认知控制相关脑区（内侧前额叶皮质、前扣带回皮质和双侧前岛叶）反应增强有关。
参与者（N = 40）被随机分配到12周的运动训练或饮食干预组。在基线和干预后，他们在空腹和进食（餐后）状态下于功能磁共振成像（fMRI）期间完成延迟折扣任务。线性混合效应模型评估了空腹 - 进食干预对k和感兴趣区域脑反应的影响。探索性分析评估了全脑、饱腹感状态特异性和反应时间效应。
在所有组中，从基线到干预后，延迟折扣期间的k和反应时间均降低，体重也减轻（p值≤0.010）。在探索性进食状态全脑分析中，右侧背外侧前额叶皮质观察到组×时段效应（p < 0.005），由运动相关变化驱动。在前扣带回皮质也观察到类似的组×时段交互效应（p = 0.006），同样由进食状态反应的降低驱动。
两种干预均改变了延迟折扣行为。运动训练与决策过程中涉及自我参照加工和调节的脑区进食状态参与度降低有关。
