百里香酚、α-生育酚和抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯作为天然饲料添加剂对肉鸡免疫指标及异嗜性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比例的调节作用

Thymol, Alpha-Tocopherol and Ascorbyl Palmitate as a Natural Feed Supplements to Modulate Immune Variables and Heterophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Broiler Chickens.

作者信息

Videla Emiliano Ariel, Caliva Jorge Martin, Andrea Picco Romina Paula, Marín Raúl Héctor, Luna Agustin, Nazar Franco Nicolas

机构信息

Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Córdoba, Argentina.

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT, CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.

出版信息

Vet Med Sci. 2025 May;11(3):e70398. doi: 10.1002/vms3.70398.

DOI:10.1002/vms3.70398

PMID:40386977

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12086649/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Poultry housing includes unavoidable stressors that impair birds' welfare and health. Global policies are banning antimicrobial growth promoters mainly due to antimicrobial resistance. Antioxidants modulate immunity by reducing oxidative stress, which impairs immune function. Thymol (THY), tocopherol (TOC) and ascorbyl palmitate (AP) have been studied for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anxiety/fear-reducing properties. However, their effects on immune function and stress responses in broilers require further investigation.

OBJECTIVES

This study assesses whether dietary THY or a TOC and AP mix modulates immune and chronic stress-related responses in broilers.

METHODS

Cobb-500 chicks (n = 960) were assigned to one of 6 dietary treatments: (1) Basal (control), (2) Promotor (Basal + flavomycin), (3) BHT (Basal + butylated hydroxytoluene), (4) Promotor-BHT (Basal + flavomycin + BHT), (5) THY (Basal + thymol) and (6) TOC-AP (Basal + tocopherol + AP). Immune and stress parameters were evaluated, including inflammatory response to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), antibody production against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and heterophil-to-lymphocyte (H/L) ratio.

RESULTS

Supplementation did not affect the PHA-P inflammatory response (p = 0.72) but influenced SRBC antibody production and H/L ratio (p < 0.003). Broilers supplemented with THY or TOC-AP exhibited significantly lower antibody responses, potentially avoiding an energy-demanding acquired immune activation. Additionally, both groups showed significantly lower H/L ratios, suggesting that these supplements may help mitigate physiological stress induced by routine husbandry practices.

CONCLUSION

These findings provide evidence that THY and TOC-AP may serve as natural alternative to synthetic additives for improving welfare and mitigating stress-induced immune imbalance under commercial rearing conditions.

摘要

背景

家禽养殖环境中存在不可避免的应激源，会损害家禽的福利和健康。全球政策主要因抗生素耐药性而禁止使用抗生素生长促进剂。抗氧化剂通过减少氧化应激来调节免疫力，氧化应激会损害免疫功能。百里香酚（THY）、生育酚（TOC）和抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯（AP）因其抗氧化、抗菌和减轻焦虑/恐惧的特性而受到研究。然而，它们对肉鸡免疫功能和应激反应的影响仍需进一步研究。

目的

本研究评估日粮中添加THY或TOC与AP的混合物是否能调节肉鸡的免疫和慢性应激相关反应。

方法

将960只科宝500肉鸡分配到6种日粮处理组之一：（1）基础日粮（对照组），（2）促生长剂组（基础日粮+黄霉素），（3）BHT组（基础日粮+丁基羟基甲苯），（4）促生长剂-BHT组（基础日粮+黄霉素+BHT），（5）THY组（基础日粮+百里香酚）和（6）TOC-AP组（基础日粮+生育酚+AP）。评估免疫和应激参数，包括对植物血凝素-P（PHA-P）的炎症反应、针对绵羊红细胞（SRBC）的抗体产生以及异嗜性粒细胞与淋巴细胞（H/L）比例。