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百里香、肉桂和石榴籽油对热应激肉鸡的抗氧化特性

The antioxidative properties of thyme, cinnamon, and pomegranate oils in heat-stressed broilers.

作者信息

Wang Dingfa, Sayed Mohamed Abdelhameed Mohamed, Galal Ali Elsayed, Attaai Abdelraheim Hassan, Makled Mohamed Nabil, Ali Abdalla Hassan Hussein, Wei Chen, Habib Mohamed Ahmed, Abdelfattah Mostafa Galal, Abouelezz Khaled

机构信息

Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.

Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.

出版信息

Poult Sci. 2025 Apr 29;104(7):105228. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.105228.

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of different feed additives on growth performance and heat stress mitigation in broiler chickens. Three hundred 1-d-old Cobb broiler chicks were randomly allocated into five treatments, each treatment contained six replicates (10 birds/replicate). Treatment 1 (-Control) was fed a basal diet (BD) under thermo-neutral conditions between d 1 and 42 of age. Treatment 2 (+Control) also fed the BD under thermo-neutral conditions from d 1 to 28 of age, followed by exposure to cyclic heat stress (HS; 36°C between 0900 and 1700 h, then to 24°C between 1700 and 0900 h daily) during the fifth week. During the fifth week, Treatments 3, 4, and 5 underwent the same HS regime and fed the same BD containing 15g/kg of thyme oil (TO), cinnamon oil (CO), and pomegranate oil (PO) from d 1 to 42, respectively. Compared to the thermoneutral control, HS control exhibited lower ADFI, higher FCR, increased mortality rate, altered plasma biochemicals, and reduced anti-oxidant capacity. Broilers supplemented with PO showed a 14.4 % increase in final BW and a 25.8 % in ADG during recovery period. FCR was improved by 16.9 %, and mortality dropped to 6 % compared to 10 % in the HS control, suggesting reduced losses under heat stress. TO and CO treatments also showed beneficial effects compared to the HS control group. The supplemented feed additives decreased plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and malondialdehyde content, while increasing plasma glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity relative to the HS control. TO, CO, and PO treatments exhibited higher plasma superoxide dismutase activity compared to the HS control. All supplemented treatments showed lower H/L ratio compared to HS control (P < 0.05). The PO and TO treatments exhibited an increased jejunal villus/crypt ratio relative to the control groups. In conclusion, supplementing broiler diets with PO, TO, and CO can alleviate heat stress effects, improve growth performance, and potentially boost profitability for poultry farmers, with PO providing the most significant benefits in both thermoneutral and heat stress conditions.

摘要

本研究评估了不同饲料添加剂对肉鸡生长性能和热应激缓解的影响。300只1日龄的科宝肉鸡雏鸡被随机分为五个处理组,每个处理组包含六个重复(每组10只鸡)。处理1(-对照)在1至42日龄的中性温度条件下饲喂基础日粮(BD)。处理2(+对照)在1至28日龄的中性温度条件下也饲喂BD,然后在第五周暴露于周期性热应激(HS;每天09:00至17:00为36°C,然后17:00至09:00为24°C)。在第五周,处理3、4和5经历相同的HS方案,并在1至42日龄分别饲喂含有15g/kg百里香油(TO)、肉桂油(CO)和石榴油(PO)的相同BD。与中性温度对照组相比,HS对照组表现出较低的平均日采食量(ADFI)、较高的料重比(FCR)、死亡率增加、血浆生化指标改变以及抗氧化能力降低。补充PO的肉鸡在恢复期的末重增加了14.4%,平均日增重(ADG)增加了25.8%。FCR提高了16.9%,死亡率降至6%,而HS对照组为10%,表明热应激下损失减少。与HS对照组相比,TO和CO处理也显示出有益效果。相对于HS对照组,补充的饲料添加剂降低了血浆胆固醇(cholesterol)、甘油三酯(triglycerides)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde)含量,同时提高了血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase)活性和总抗氧化能力。与HS对照组相比,TO、CO和PO处理的血浆超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase)活性更高。与HS对照组相比,所有补充处理的H/L比值均较低(P < 0.05)。与对照组相比,PO和TO处理的空肠绒毛/隐窝比值增加。总之,在肉鸡日粮中补充PO、TO和CO可以缓解热应激影响,提高生长性能,并可能提高家禽养殖户的盈利能力,其中PO在中性温度和热应激条件下均提供最显著的益处。

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