Li Xuegang, Wang Junhua, Jiang Yao-Yao, Xue Guang-Ming, Cai Xiaoxia, Zhou Jun, Gong Ming, Liu Zhao-Feng, Zheng Shuang-Yu, Ma Deng-Ke, Chen Mo, Sun Wei-Jie, Yang Shuang, Yan Fei, Jin Yi-Rong, Zhao S P, Ding Xue-Feng, Yu Hai-Feng
Beijing Key Laboratory of Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, China.
Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Nat Commun. 2025 May 20;16(1):4677. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59778-z.
Correlated errors may devastate quantum error corrections that are necessary for the realization of fault-tolerant quantum computation. Recent experiments with superconducting qubits indicate that they can arise from quasiparticle (QP) bursts induced by cosmic-ray muons and γ-rays. Here, we use charge-parity jump and bit flip for monitoring QP bursts and two muon detectors in the dilution refrigerator for detecting muon events. We directly observe QP bursts leading to correlated errors that are induced solely by muons and separate the contributions of muons and γ-rays. We further investigate the dynamical process of QP burst and the impact of QP trapping on correlated errors and particle detection. The proposed method, which monitors multiqubit simultaneous charge-parity jumps, has high sensitivity to QP bursts and may find applications for the detection of cosmic-ray particles, low-mass dark matter, and far-infrared photons.
相关误差可能会破坏实现容错量子计算所必需的量子纠错。最近对超导量子比特的实验表明，它们可能源于宇宙射线μ子和γ射线引发的准粒子（QP）爆发。在这里，我们使用电荷宇称跳变和比特翻转来监测QP爆发，并在稀释制冷机中使用两个μ子探测器来检测μ子事件。我们直接观测到仅由μ子引发的导致相关误差的QP爆发，并区分了μ子和γ射线的贡献。我们进一步研究了QP爆发的动力学过程以及QP俘获对相关误差和粒子探测的影响。所提出的监测多量子比特同时电荷宇称跳变的方法，对QP爆发具有高灵敏度，可能在宇宙射线粒子、低质量暗物质和远红外光子的探测中得到应用。
