Hashemi Amir, Ezati Masoumeh, Zumberg Inna, Chmelíková Larisa, Fohlerová Zdenka, Provazník Valentýna
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology Technicka 3082/12 61600 Brno Czech Republic
Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology Technicka 3082/12 61600 Brno Czech Republic.
RSC Adv. 2025 May 20;15(21):16826-16844. doi: 10.1039/d5ra02940f. eCollection 2025 May 15.
Myocardial infarction (MI) often results in significant damage to heart tissues, leading to cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis, and diminished cell-cell communication. Exosomes (EXOs) from stem cells show great potential in promoting tissue repair and angiogenesis, but their rapid clearance and degradation limit therapeutic efficacy. Here, we introduce a 3D-printed scaffold using a conductive biomaterial ink composed of chitosan (CS) and polyaniline (PANI). This scaffold combines the bioactivity of EXOs with the conductive properties of PANI to protect cardiac cells under ischemic stress. Using an hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model with HL-1 cardiomyocytes, we simulated key aspects of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The addition of PANI improved the electrical conductivity of the scaffold, which was essential for enhancing cardiomyocyte viability and intercellular connectivity under hypoxic conditions. EXOs significantly promoted angiogenic activity , as evidenced by enhanced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and robust tube formation, highlighting their role in stimulating new blood vessel growth. Molecular analyses revealed that EXOs positively influence processes such as angiogenesis and inflammation regulation in HL-1 cells. Additionally, EXOs improved HUVEC migration, emphasizing their pro-angiogenic role. These findings indicate that combining PANI and EXOs in a 3D-printed scaffold yields synergistic benefits, improving cardiomyocyte function and promoting endothelial angiogenesis , thereby providing insights for future cardiac repair strategies.
心肌梗死（MI）常导致心脏组织严重受损，进而引发心脏功能障碍、纤维化以及细胞间通讯减弱。干细胞来源的外泌体（EXOs）在促进组织修复和血管生成方面具有巨大潜力，但其快速清除和降解限制了治疗效果。在此，我们介绍一种使用由壳聚糖（CS）和聚苯胺（PANI）组成的导电生物材料墨水3D打印的支架。这种支架将外泌体的生物活性与聚苯胺的导电特性相结合，以保护缺血应激下的心脏细胞。我们使用HL-1心肌细胞的缺氧/复氧（H/R）模型模拟了心肌缺血再灌注损伤的关键方面。聚苯胺的添加提高了支架的电导率，这对于在缺氧条件下提高心肌细胞活力和细胞间连接至关重要。外泌体显著促进了血管生成活性，人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）迁移增强和强大的管腔形成证明了这一点，突出了它们在刺激新血管生长中的作用。分子分析表明，外泌体对HL-1细胞中的血管生成和炎症调节等过程产生积极影响。此外，外泌体改善了HUVEC迁移，强调了它们的促血管生成作用。这些发现表明，在3D打印支架中结合聚苯胺和外泌体可产生协同效益，改善心肌细胞功能并促进内皮血管生成，从而为未来的心脏修复策略提供见解。
