Bernstein I S, Ehardt C L
J Comp Psychol. 1985 Jun;99(2):115-32.
Both age and sex influence rhesus monkey agonistic behavior. In intragroup episodes, submission was most frequent in juveniles, but aggression increased steadily with age, albeit much more sharply in females. As infants, males were more often involved in agonistic behavior than were females, but this sex difference reversed with age. A notable change in the frequency and forms of agonistic expression occurred in adolescent males. By the time they became adults, their participation in agonistic episodes was silent and brief and rarely involved biting. Adolescent males received high frequencies of aggressive responses, and this is hypothesized to account for the marked shift in adult male patterns of participation in intragroup agonistic interactions, as relative to females whose basic pattern of agonistic expression does not change with age.
年龄和性别都会影响恒河猴的攻击行为。在群体内冲突事件中，屈服行为在幼年恒河猴中最为常见，但攻击行为会随着年龄的增长而稳步增加，尽管在雌性恒河猴中增长得更为明显。在婴儿期，雄性恒河猴比雌性恒河猴更常参与攻击行为，但这种性别差异会随着年龄的增长而逆转。青春期雄性恒河猴的攻击行为在频率和形式上发生了显著变化。当它们成年时，它们参与攻击事件的方式变得安静且短暂，很少涉及撕咬。青春期雄性恒河猴会频繁收到攻击性反应，据推测，这可以解释成年雄性恒河猴在群体内攻击互动中的参与模式相对于雌性恒河猴有明显转变，因为雌性恒河猴的基本攻击行为模式不会随年龄变化。
