Altschul D M, Robinson L M, Coleman K, Capitanio J P, Wilson V A D
Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Scottish Primate Research Group, Edinburgh EH89JZ, UK.
Int J Primatol. 2019 Oct;40(4-5):532-552. doi: 10.1007/s10764-019-00104-y. Epub 2019 Sep 3.
Aspects of personality in nonhuman primates have been linked to health, social relationships, and life history outcomes. In humans as well as nonhuman primates, facial morphology is associated with assertiveness, aggression, and measures of dominance status. In this study we aimed to examine the relationship among facial morphology, age, sex, dominance status, and ratings on the personality dimensions Confidence, Openness, Assertiveness, Friendliness, Activity, and Anxiety in rhesus macaques (). We measured facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) and lower-height/full-height ratio (fLHFH) using photographs from 109 captive rhesus macaques, which observers also assessed for dominance status and personality, and explored the associations among facial morphology, age, sex, dominance status, and personality. fWHR and fLHFH personality associations depended on age category: Assertiveness was associated with higher fWHR and fLHFH, and Confidence was associated with lower fWHR and fLHFH, but all these associations were consistent only in individuals <8 yr. of age. We found fWHR and fLHFH to not be consistently associated with sex or dominance status; compared to younger individuals, we found few associations with fWHR and fLHFH for individuals older than 8 yr., which may be due to limited sample size. Our results indicate that in macaques <8 yr. old, facial morphology is associated with the Assertiveness and Confidence personality dimensions, which is consistent with results suggesting a relationship between fWHR and trait aggression in humans and assertiveness in brown capuchins, all of which implies that fWHR might be a cue to assertive and aggressive traits.
非人类灵长类动物的人格特质已被证明与健康、社会关系和生活史结果相关。在人类和非人类灵长类动物中，面部形态都与自信、攻击性以及支配地位的衡量指标有关。在本研究中，我们旨在探讨恒河猴面部形态、年龄、性别、支配地位以及在人格维度自信、开放性、果断性、友善性、活跃度和焦虑度上的评分之间的关系。我们使用109只圈养恒河猴的照片测量了面部宽高比（fWHR）和下脸高度与全脸高度之比（fLHFH），观察者还对这些猴子的支配地位和人格进行了评估，并探究了面部形态、年龄、性别、支配地位和人格之间的关联。fWHR和fLHFH与人格的关联取决于年龄类别：果断性与较高的fWHR和fLHFH相关，自信与较低的fWHR和fLHFH相关，但所有这些关联仅在8岁以下的个体中一致。我们发现fWHR和fLHFH与性别或支配地位并无始终如一的关联；与较年轻个体相比，我们发现8岁以上个体中fWHR和fLHFH的关联较少，这可能是由于样本量有限。我们的研究结果表明，在8岁以下的猕猴中，面部形态与果断性和自信的人格维度相关，这与表明fWHR与人类特质攻击性以及褐卷尾猴果断性之间存在关系的研究结果一致，所有这些都意味着fWHR可能是果断和攻击特质的一个线索。
