Luepke N P
Food Chem Toxicol. 1985 Feb;23(2):287-91. doi: 10.1016/0278-6915(85)90030-4.
The increasingly large number of chemicals introduced onto the market and into the environment has necessitated the monitoring of environmental materials and specimen banking, as well as the development of rapid and reliable methods for the evaluation of toxicity. The Hen's Egg Test, or Hühner-Embryonen-Test (HET) is a rapid, sensitive and inexpensive toxicity test and can give information on embryotoxicity, teratogenicity, systemic and immunopathological effects, metabolic pathways and now, in developed form, on mucous-membrane irritation potencies of chemical substances. Testing with incubated hen's eggs is a borderline case between in vivo and in vitro systems and does not conflict with ethical and legal obligations especially animal protection laws. In the special field of mucous-membrane irritation testing, a specific score and classification scheme was developed for the HET, which allows risk assessments analogous to the Draize scheme. There is a good correlation between the results for HET tests on a variety of pyrithiones, phenols and isothiazolinones, and the corresponding data based on Draize tests. HET chorioallantoic membrane testing should and could not entirely replace current irritation tests in mammals, but it can diminish the number of investigations with mammals, as well as limit or eliminate pain and injury during animal experiments and allow regulators to set priority and toxicity categories.
市场上和环境中引入的化学物质数量日益增多，因此有必要对环境材料进行监测并建立标本库，同时开发快速可靠的毒性评估方法。鸡胚试验（Hen's Egg Test，或Hühner-Embryonen-Test，简称HET）是一种快速、灵敏且成本低廉的毒性试验，可提供有关胚胎毒性、致畸性、全身和免疫病理效应、代谢途径的信息，现在其改进形式还能提供化学物质对粘膜刺激强度的信息。用孵化的鸡蛋进行试验是体内和体外系统之间的一种临界情况，并不与伦理和法律义务尤其是动物保护法相冲突。在粘膜刺激试验的特定领域，为鸡胚试验开发了一种特定的评分和分类方案，该方案允许进行类似于德莱兹（Draize）方案的风险评估。对多种巯基吡啶氧化物、酚类和异噻唑啉酮进行的鸡胚试验结果与基于德莱兹试验的相应数据之间存在良好的相关性。鸡胚尿囊膜试验不应也不能完全取代当前在哺乳动物身上进行的刺激试验，但它可以减少对哺乳动物的研究数量，同时限制或消除动物实验期间的疼痛和损伤，并使监管机构能够确定优先事项和毒性类别。
