Pedretti Sarah, Sittmann Alexander, Von Hagen Arné, Peter Jonny
Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa.
University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Front Allergy. 2025 May 7;6:1572509. doi: 10.3389/falgy.2025.1572509. eCollection 2025.
This study analysed allergen sensitization patterns in Cape Town, a biodiversity-rich region with a Mediterranean climate, using ALEX® and ALEX²® multiplex component-resolved diagnostics tools. It aimed to address gaps in allergen sensitisation pattern data and complement aerobiological monitoring.
A retrospective review of 708 adults and children attending two tertiary allergy clinics (2019-2024) found that house dust mites were the most common allergens, affecting 50%-60% of participants, with Der p 23 particularly prevalent (53%). Grass pollen sensitization was also high (46%), with 85% sensitised to the C4 grass Bermuda. Tree pollen sensitisation occurred in 29% with 14% sensitised to a diverse range of trees but neither London plane nor Cypress currently recommended in limited testing panels. Common food allergens included fruits (30%), seafood (27%), and nuts (25%), often linked to pollen cross-reactivity.
Our study confirms a known pattern of aeroallergen sensitisation for a coastal temperate region, with increasing pollen sensitisation, particular C4 grasses. Clinicians should be aware of the diversity of tree pollen sensitisation, cross-reactivity patterns between food and pollen sensitisations and rates of minor allergen sensitisations for Blomia and animal danders when considering allergen-immunotherapies.
本研究使用ALEX®和ALEX²®多重组分分辨诊断工具，分析了开普敦（一个拥有地中海气候且生物多样性丰富的地区）的过敏原致敏模式。其目的是填补过敏原致敏模式数据方面的空白，并补充空气生物学监测。
对两家三级过敏诊所（2019 - 2024年）的708名成人和儿童进行的回顾性研究发现，屋尘螨是最常见的过敏原，影响了50% - 60%的参与者，其中Der p 23尤为普遍（53%）。草花粉致敏率也很高（46%），85%的人对C4草百慕大草致敏。树花粉致敏率为29%，14%的人对多种树木致敏，但伦敦悬铃木和柏树目前在有限的检测面板中未被推荐。常见的食物过敏原包括水果（30%）、海鲜（27%）和坚果（25%），它们通常与花粉交叉反应有关。
我们的研究证实了沿海温带地区已知的气传过敏原致敏模式，花粉致敏率不断上升，尤其是C4草。在考虑过敏原免疫治疗时，临床医生应了解树花粉致敏的多样性、食物与花粉致敏之间的交叉反应模式以及布洛螨和动物皮屑等次要过敏原的致敏率。
