Kim Sunghyub, Damialis Athanasios, Charalampopoulos Athanasios, Voelker Dayne H, Rorie Andrew C
Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb.
Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2025 Feb;13(2):266-273. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.12.019. Epub 2024 Dec 20.
As the effects of anthropogenic climate change have become more apparent, the influences of climate and extreme weather events on health have continued to gain attention. The fact Earth has warmed over the past century is indisputable and the rate of warming is more alarming. As a result of anthropogenic climate change, an alteration in the air mixture has occurred over time. These changes have increased human exposures to respiratory irritants such as ground-level ozone, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A significant amount of research has investigated the effects of climate change on aeroallergens, which has shown that elevated temperatures and increased carbon dioxide levels have produced prolonged and more robust pollen seasons for most taxa studied. In addition, it appears possible that exposure of some plants to air pollution may result in more allergenic pollen. Increased human exposures to these respiratory irritants and aeroallergens appears to disproportionality effect vulnerable populations throughout the world. It is essential to understand that climate change is more than an environmental inconvenience and realize the effects to human health are directly related and conceivably immeasurable. It is vital to conduct additional research related to climate change and health that is collaborative, multisectoral, and transdisciplinary. There should be a focus on risk reduction, mitigation, and preparedness for climate change and extreme weather events for all populations around the globe.
随着人为气候变化的影响愈发明显，气候和极端天气事件对健康的影响持续受到关注。在过去的一个世纪里，地球变暖这一事实无可争议，而且变暖速度更令人担忧。由于人为气候变化，空气成分随时间发生了改变。这些变化增加了人类接触呼吸道刺激物的机会，如地面臭氧、挥发性有机化合物、二氧化氮、二氧化硫、一氧化碳和多环芳烃。大量研究调查了气候变化对气传变应原的影响，结果表明，对于大多数研究的分类群而言，气温升高和二氧化碳水平增加导致花粉季节延长且花粉量增多。此外，一些植物接触空气污染似乎可能导致产生更多致敏花粉。人类更多地接触这些呼吸道刺激物和气传变应原，对全球各地的弱势群体产生的影响似乎不成比例。必须明白，气候变化不仅仅是给环境带来不便，还要认识到其对人类健康的影响是直接相关的，甚至可能是无法估量的。开展更多与气候变化和健康相关的合作性、多部门和跨学科研究至关重要。应关注全球所有人群针对气候变化和极端天气事件的风险降低、缓解和防范措施。
