Coping and positive mental health in Canada among youth and adults: findings from a population-based nationally representative survey.

INTRODUCTION

Coping is a protective factor for positive mental health (PMH) and an asset for population health. While there is evidence demonstrating a strong association between coping and PMH, less is known about how coping patterns differ across age groups. Given that age can impact coping ability, addressing this knowledge gap is warranted.

METHODS

We analyzed data from the 2019 Canadian Community Health Survey on the self-rated ability of adults and youth (N = 60 643; 12+ years) to cope with unexpected or difficult problems and day-to-day demands along with three PMH outcomes: selfrated mental health (SRMH), happiness and life satisfaction. All estimates were disaggregated by sociodemographic variables (sex, gender, household income quintile, immigration status, ethnocultural background, place of residence), stratified by five age groups, and age-specific regression analyses were conducted.

RESULTS

Prevalence of high coping varied by sex, gender, income, place of residence, immigration status and ethnocultural background. High coping was significantly associated with the three PMH outcomes across all age groups. Those with high coping were 4 to 6 times more likely to report high SRMH and high levels of happiness than those with lower coping. Individuals with high coping had a life satisfaction score between 0.84 and 1.32 units greater than individuals with lower coping.

CONCLUSION

The consistent, positive relationship between high coping and PMH across all age groups provides valuable information for developing public health messaging and promotion efforts for adaptive coping to enhance population mental health.