Schloesser Lukas, Ziemssen Focke, Schuster Alexander K, Hasan Somar, Finger Robert P
Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland.
Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland.
Ophthalmologie. 2025 May 22. doi: 10.1007/s00347-025-02250-6.
The main causes of blindness, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma and diabetic eye diseases (DED), are becoming increasingly more important in terms of health economics due to the demographic developments.
The current screening recommendations for these diseases and the underlying evidence are presented.
A detailed literature search was conducted and the recommendations of the relevant guidelines of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF) were summarized.
There are current screening recommendations for glaucoma and DED but there is still no consensus with respect to AMD. Screening for DED is financed by the statutory health insurance (SHI) and offered as part of routine care. Glaucoma screening is only covered by the SHI if certain risk factors are present and is not yet implemented across the board.
There are established screening programs for DED that are financed by the SHI; however, there are AWMF recommendations for glaucoma but no SHI-financed screening programs and there are still no AWMF screening recommendations for AMD. Whether and to what extent screening programs are used by the respective target populations should be further investigated in studies.
由于人口结构的变化，致盲的主要原因，即年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）、青光眼和糖尿病眼病（DED），在卫生经济学方面正变得越来越重要。
介绍目前针对这些疾病的筛查建议及相关证据。
进行了详细的文献检索，并总结了德国科学医学协会联合会（AWMF）相关指南的建议。
目前有针对青光眼和糖尿病眼病的筛查建议，但对于年龄相关性黄斑变性仍未达成共识。糖尿病眼病筛查由法定医疗保险（SHI）提供资金，并作为常规护理的一部分。青光眼筛查只有在存在某些风险因素时才由法定医疗保险覆盖，且尚未全面实施。
有由法定医疗保险资助的成熟的糖尿病眼病筛查项目；然而，有AWMF关于青光眼的建议，但没有法定医疗保险资助的筛查项目，且对于年龄相关性黄斑变性仍没有AWMF的筛查建议。各目标人群对筛查项目的使用情况以及使用程度应在研究中进一步调查。
