Nizam Hira, Imtiaz Asmara, Tasneem Fareeda, Shakoori Farah Rauf, Zulfiqar Soumble, Younas Amina, Mustafa Sidra, Ghaus Asra, Zafar Ayesha, Nazir Arshia, Sajjad Muhammad, Shakoori Abdul Rauf
School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-I-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-I-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
PLoS One. 2025 May 22;20(5):e0324322. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324322. eCollection 2025.
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low molecular weight cysteine rich proteins involved in detoxification of heavy metals. They are synthesized in response to metal exposure and can bind to various metals, thus reducing their toxicity and providing protection against oxidative stress. MTs are considered to be efficient bioremediators of heavy metal contaminated industrial wastewater. The present study was aimed at further enhancing the metal binding capacity of a cadmium metallothionein protein PMCd1, reported some time back from this laboratory in protozoan ciliate Paramecium, to equip them with more efficient system to deal with metal contaminated water bodies. Three additional cysteine residues were introduced at three different places of the protein by site directed mutagenesis, viz. S20C, R180C and Y185C. The wild type and each mutant of PMCd1 were expressed in E. coli BL21 cells. Metal uptake ability of each transformant was determined in the presence of 1 and 2mM Cd2+ in the medium. The three mutants showed enhanced metal uptake compared to the wild PMCd1 which underscored the role of additional cysteines in enhanced metal binding ability. Amongst the mutants, the genetically modified organism with S20C mutation exhibited 9.1 fold more metal uptake compared to the control ciliate. This mutant has great potential to clean the cadmium- contaminated water.
金属硫蛋白(MTs)是一类富含半胱氨酸的低分子量蛋白质,参与重金属解毒过程。它们在接触金属后被合成,能够与多种金属结合,从而降低金属毒性并提供抗氧化应激保护。MTs被认为是重金属污染工业废水的有效生物修复剂。本研究旨在进一步提高一种镉金属硫蛋白PMCd1的金属结合能力,该蛋白是本实验室不久前从原生动物纤毛虫草履虫中发现的,以便为其配备更高效的系统来处理受金属污染的水体。通过定点诱变在该蛋白的三个不同位置引入了三个额外的半胱氨酸残基,即S20C、R180C和Y185C。PMCd1的野生型和每个突变体在大肠杆菌BL21细胞中表达。在培养基中存在1和2 mM Cd2+的情况下测定每个转化体的金属摄取能力。与野生型PMCd1相比,这三个突变体表现出增强的金属摄取能力,这突出了额外半胱氨酸在增强金属结合能力中的作用。在这些突变体中,具有S20C突变的转基因生物体与对照纤毛虫相比,金属摄取量高出9.1倍。该突变体在净化镉污染水体方面具有巨大潜力。