Liu Xu, Song Xiuzu
Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China.
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2025 May 22;68(1):50. doi: 10.1007/s12016-025-09060-3.
Although alopecia areata (AA) is recognized as a hair loss disorder stemming from the dysregulation of cutaneous immune homeostasis, its precise pathogenesis still remains elusive. The collapse of hair follicle (HF) immune privilege (IP), leading to immune cell-mediated attack on the hair follicle, is currently the widely accepted fundamental mechanism of AA. Among the immune cells studied in this context, CD8 T cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells are relatively well-researched, but the direct involvement of macrophages in the disease process has been less frequently demonstrated. In this review, we summarize various previous studies on macrophages and hypothesize the immune mechanisms by which macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of AA. This exploration provides new insights for future research and potential clinical treatments.
尽管斑秃（AA）被认为是一种源于皮肤免疫稳态失调的脱发疾病，但其确切发病机制仍不清楚。毛囊（HF）免疫豁免（IP）的崩溃，导致免疫细胞介导的对毛囊的攻击，是目前被广泛接受的AA的基本机制。在这方面研究的免疫细胞中，CD8 T细胞和调节性T（Treg）细胞的研究相对充分，但巨噬细胞在疾病过程中的直接参与较少得到证实。在这篇综述中，我们总结了以往关于巨噬细胞的各种研究，并推测巨噬细胞促成AA发病机制的免疫机制。这一探索为未来的研究和潜在的临床治疗提供了新的见解。
