Wu Duo-Duo, Wei Na-Na, Zhang Chen-Guang, Yue Xuan-Zhi, Li Huan, Zhang Wen-Yu, Jia Xin-Rui, Zhu Jia-Ke, Zhang Wen-Qian, Fan Yao-Chun, Yang Sheng-Mei
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine), Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010000, China.
Ulanqab Central Hospital, Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia, 012000, China.
BMC Public Health. 2025 May 22;25(1):1888. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23107-2.
By analyzing the pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM in the atmosphere of Hohhot City, we can assess their main sources and evaluate their health hazards.
From 2017 to 2022, atmospheric PM sampling was conducted in Hohhot City. The content of PAHs in the PM samples was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. To analyze the sources of PAHs, molecular diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factorization were initially employed to quantify potential PAH sources. Subsequently, the Potential Source Contribution Function was used to analyze the potential emission source areas of PAHs. The recommended health risk assessment model by the United States Environmental Protection Agency was utilized to calculate the lifetime excess cancer risk associated with exposure to PAHs.
From 2017 to 2022, the levels of PM and PAHs showed a decreasing trend year by year, decreasing from 40 μg/m to 20 μg/m and from 6.92 ng/m to 3.60 ng/m, respectively. The rate of PM exceeding the Chinese Grade I standard (35 μg/m) decreased from 65.77% to 24%, and the rate of benzo[a]pyrene concentration exceeding the standard limit (2.5 ng/m) was 23.88%. Through molecular diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factorization analysis, it was found that biomass/coal combustion (cumulative contribution rate of 56.77%) and traffic emissions (cumulative contribution rate of 36.94%) were the main sources of pollution. The potential pollution source areas in Hohhot City were mainly distributed in Mongolia, western Inner Mongolia, and neighboring provinces and cities. The median incremental cancer risks for children and adults with long-term exposure to PAHs were 5.14 × 10 and 1.68 × 10, respectively.
The overall pollution situation of PM and PAHs in Hohhot City can be considered acceptable, but it is important to pay attention to pollution sources such as combustion and traffic emissions. The potential pollution source areas are relatively widespread, but the cancer risk remains within an acceptable level.
通过分析呼和浩特市大气颗粒物（PM）中多环芳烃（PAHs）的污染特征，评估其主要来源并评价其健康危害。
2017年至2022年，在呼和浩特市进行大气PM采样。采用高效液相色谱法测定PM样品中PAHs的含量。为分析PAHs的来源，首先采用分子诊断比值法和正定矩阵因子分解法对潜在的PAHs来源进行量化。随后，利用潜在源贡献函数分析PAHs的潜在排放源区。采用美国环境保护局推荐的健康风险评估模型计算与接触PAHs相关的终生超额癌症风险。
2017年至2022年，PM和PAHs水平逐年呈下降趋势，分别从40μg/m³降至20μg/m³，从6.92ng/m³降至3.60ng/m³。PM超过中国一级标准（35μg/m³）的比例从65.77%降至24%，苯并[a]芘浓度超过标准限值（2.5ng/m³）的比例为23.88%。通过分子诊断比值法和正定矩阵因子分解分析发现，生物质/煤炭燃烧（累积贡献率为56.77%）和交通排放（累积贡献率为36.94%）是主要污染来源。呼和浩特市潜在污染源区主要分布在蒙古国、内蒙古西部以及周边省市。儿童和成人长期接触PAHs的中位增量癌症风险分别为5.14×10⁻⁶和1.68×10⁻⁶。
呼和浩特市PM和PAHs的总体污染状况可认为是可接受的，但需关注燃烧和交通排放等污染源。潜在污染源区相对广泛，但癌症风险仍在可接受水平内。
