Miño Camila, Smith Lee, Cristi-Montero Carlos, Gutiérrez-Espinoza Héctor, Olivares-Arancibia Jorge, Yañéz-Sepúlveda Rodrigo, Stubbs Brendon, López-Gil José Francisco
School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador.
Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
Int J Ment Health Syst. 2025 May 22;19(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s13033-025-00673-x.
Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms are common among adolescents; however, studies exploring their relationship with chronotype in European youth populations is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the association between chronotype status and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in adolescents.
A secondary analysis of the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) cross-sectional study was performed in 703 adolescents (56.3% girls) between 12 and 17 years from the Valle de Ricote, Spain. Chronotype preference was assessed using the Morningness/Eveningness Scale in Children (MESC), while symptoms were evaluated using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A robust generalized linear regression model was used to evaluate the associations between chronotype prefernces and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in adolescents.
After adjusting for potential covariates (sex, age, socioeconomic status, body mass index, sleep duration, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and energy intake), the highest probability of having depression, anxiety, and stress was identified in those with an eveningness chronotype preference (depression: 27.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 17.5-40.1%; anxiety: 28.5%, 95% CI 18.6-41.0%; stress: 47.6%, 95% CI 34.1-61.5%). Conversely, the lowest probability was observed in adolescents with a morningness chronotype preference (depression: 11.9%, 95% CI 8.3-16.8%; anxiety: 15.4%, 95% CI 11.2-28.9%; stress: 19.5%, 95% CI 14.7-25.5%). Significant differences were found when comparing participants with the eveningness chronotype to those with a morningness or intermediate chronotype preference (p < 0.05 for all comparisons).
Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were more likely in adolescents with an eveningness chronotype preference than in those with morningness or intermediate chronotypes. Chronotype preferences should be taken into account for developing interventions that promote better mental health and healthy sleep habits in adolescents.
抑郁、焦虑和压力症状在青少年中很常见；然而，在欧洲青年人群中探索它们与昼夜节律类型关系的研究却很少。本研究旨在评估青少年的昼夜节律类型状态与抑郁、焦虑和压力症状之间的关联。
对来自西班牙里科特山谷的703名12至17岁青少年（56.3%为女孩）进行了“健康饮食与日常生活活动”（EHDLA）横断面研究的二次分析。使用儿童晨型/夜型量表（MESC）评估昼夜节律类型偏好，同时使用抑郁、焦虑和压力量表（DASS-21）评估症状。采用稳健广义线性回归模型评估青少年的昼夜节律类型偏好与抑郁、焦虑和压力症状之间的关联。
在调整了潜在协变量（性别、年龄、社会经济地位、体重指数、睡眠时间、体育活动、久坐行为和能量摄入）后，发现夜型昼夜节律类型偏好的青少年出现抑郁、焦虑和压力的可能性最高（抑郁：27.4%，95%置信区间[CI]17.5 - 40.1%；焦虑：28.5%，95%CI 18.6 - 41.0%；压力：47.6%，95%CI 34.1 - 61.5%）。相反，晨型昼夜节律类型偏好的青少年出现这些症状的可能性最低（抑郁：11.9%，95%CI 8.3 - 16.8%；焦虑：15.4%，95%CI 11.2 - 28.9%；压力：19.5%，95%CI 14.7 - 25.5%）。将夜型昼夜节律类型的参与者与晨型或中间型昼夜节律类型偏好的参与者进行比较时，发现存在显著差异（所有比较p < 0.05）。
夜型昼夜节律类型偏好的青少年比晨型或中间型昼夜节律类型的青少年更易出现抑郁、焦虑和压力症状。在制定促进青少年更好心理健康和健康睡眠习惯的干预措施时，应考虑昼夜节律类型偏好。
