Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Departments of Psychiatry and Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Behav Res Ther. 2023 Sep;168:104376. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104376. Epub 2023 Jul 20.
Considerable work has advanced understanding of the nature, causes, management, and prevention of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents over the past 30 years. Prior to this time the primary focus was on school refusal and specific phobias. It is now recognised that children and adolescents experience the full gamut of anxiety disorders in very similar ways to adults and that anxiety disorders in the paediatric years can predict a lifelong mental-health struggle. Given the vast array of specific studies in this field, the current review summarises current knowledge about these high prevalence disorders, points to overarching limitations, and suggests potentially important future directions. Following a brief historical overview, the review summarises knowledge about demographic and epidemiological characteristics, distal and proximal risk factors, current treatment directions, and prevention. There is still a great deal to learn about the causes and treatments of child and adolescent anxiety disorders. By amalgamating our current knowledge, this review provides a window to the research directions that are likely to lead to future advances.
在过去的 30 年中，大量的工作已经深入了解了儿童和青少年焦虑障碍的性质、原因、管理和预防。在此之前，主要重点是学校拒绝和特定恐惧症。现在人们认识到，儿童和青少年以与成年人非常相似的方式经历各种焦虑障碍，而且儿童时期的焦虑障碍可以预测终生的心理健康斗争。鉴于该领域有大量的具体研究，目前的综述总结了这些高患病率障碍的现有知识，指出了总体局限性，并提出了潜在的重要未来方向。在简要回顾历史之后，综述总结了关于人口统计学和流行病学特征、远端和近端危险因素、当前治疗方向以及预防的知识。关于儿童和青少年焦虑障碍的病因和治疗方法，还有很多需要了解。通过综合我们现有的知识，这篇综述为可能导致未来进展的研究方向提供了一个窗口。
