Moïse Kagbadouno, Dansy Camara Abdoulaye, Jean-Mathieu Bart, Philippe Solano, Bruno Bucheton, Mamadou Camara, Pascal Grébaut
Programme National de Lutte contre les MTN à Prise en Charge des Cas, Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Conakry, Guinée.
INTERTRYP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France.
Parasit Vectors. 2025 May 22;18(1):185. doi: 10.1186/s13071-025-06783-2.
In the mangroves of Guinea, where the most active foci of human African trypanosomiasis in West Africa are located, vector control against tsetse flies using insecticide-impregnated Tiny Targets was first introduced in 2012. While annual deployments of Tiny Targets have resulted in an overall 90% reduction in tsetse fly densities in control areas, managing tsetse densities in specific biotopes such as mangrove channels, which are susceptible to significant climatic disturbances, presents greater challenges. Thus, a new three-dimensional model called the Cross Target was designed to address this situation.
In the first phase, we evaluated the attractiveness of the Cross Target along with three other devices (the Tiny Target, the biconical trap, and the pyramidal trap) in a Latin square design. In a second phase, we assessed the efficacy of the Tiny Target and the Cross Target to control tsetse densities in a pilot field study led in two adjacent mangrove channels.
In the Latin square study, the Cross Target was significantly more attractive than the other devices, with a catch index of 2.23 (P = 0.03), 1.63 (P = 0.004), and 2.39 (P = 0.003) as compared with the biconical trap, the Tiny Target, and the pyramidal trap, respectively. In the pilot experimental field evaluation the Cross Target also showed its superiority, with tsetse density reduction reaching 90% 15 months after the initial deployment, whereas densities remained high in the channel where Tiny Targets were deployed.
This study underscores the superiority of the new three-dimensional Cross Target in terms of attractiveness to tsetse flies and its resilience to climatic disturbances as compared with the conventional Tiny Target. The Cross Target presents a promising solution to enhance vector control effectiveness in challenging environments, such as mangroves or other hard-to-access areas, where target maintenance is particularly difficult.
在几内亚的红树林地区，这里是西非人类非洲锥虫病最活跃的疫源地，2012年首次引入了使用杀虫剂浸渍的微小目标（Tiny Targets）来控制采采蝇的媒介控制措施。虽然每年部署微小目标已使控制区域内采采蝇密度总体降低了90%，但在红树林河道等易受重大气候干扰的特定生物群落中管理采采蝇密度面临更大挑战。因此，设计了一种名为交叉目标（Cross Target）的新型三维模型来应对这种情况。
在第一阶段，我们采用拉丁方设计评估了交叉目标与其他三种装置（微小目标、双锥诱捕器和金字塔形诱捕器）的吸引力。在第二阶段，我们在两个相邻的红树林河道进行的试点田间研究中评估了微小目标和交叉目标控制采采蝇密度的效果。
在拉丁方研究中，交叉目标比其他装置更具吸引力，与双锥诱捕器、微小目标和金字塔形诱捕器相比，捕获指数分别为2.23（P = 0.03）、1.63（P = 0.004）和2.39（P = 0.003）。在试点实验田间评估中，交叉目标也显示出其优越性，初始部署15个月后采采蝇密度降低了90%，而在部署微小目标的河道中密度仍然很高。
本研究强调了新型三维交叉目标在吸引采采蝇方面的优越性及其与传统微小目标相比对气候干扰的抵御能力。交叉目标为在红树林或其他难以进入的地区等具有挑战性的环境中提高媒介控制效果提供了一个有前景的解决方案，在这些环境中目标维护特别困难。
