The impact of COVID-19 on facial laceration trends: a comparative analysis of pre- and intra-pandemic data.

BACKGROUND

This study explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the patterns, mechanisms, and clinical management of facial lacerations. By comparing data from pre-pandemic and intra-pandemic periods, it aims to elucidate how COVID 19 influenced maxillofacial trauma care.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 747 patients treated for facial lacerations at a maxillofacial trauma center. Data were collected for two periods: pre-COVID (February 2019-January 2020) and intra-COVID (February 2020-January 2021). Demographics, injury characteristics, mechanisms, and treatment modalities were analyzed.

RESULTS

During the intra-COVID period, the proportion of fall-related facial lacerations nearly doubled (18.6% vs. 39.2%, p < 0.001), while injuries associated with alcohol consumption (43.4% vs. 12.5%, p < 0.001) and interpersonal violence (22.5% vs. 8.3%, p < 0.001) declined markedly. The sex distribution shifted significantly, with female patients comprising a higher proportion of cases during the pandemic (33.3% vs. 45.8%, p < 0.001). Temporal patterns also changed, as morning injuries became substantially more frequent (11.6% vs. 40.0%, p < 0.001). Syncopal events linked to viral infections increased significantly (3.9% vs. 15.0%, p < 0.001). In terms of clinical management, the use of radiographic imaging (69.8% vs. 60.0%, p = 0.005) and tetanus booster administration (42.6% vs. 28.3%, p < 0.001) both declined during the pandemic period.

CONCLUSION

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered the epidemiology and clinical management of facial lacerations, as evidenced by shifts in trauma mechanisms, patient demographics, and resource use. These findings highlight the need for adaptive trauma care strategies during public health crises.