Pastuszka Agnieszka, Tobor Szymon, Łoniewski Igor, Wierzbicka-Woś Anna, Sielatycka Katarzyna, Styburski Daniel, Cembrowska-Lech Danuta, Koszutski Tomasz, Kurowicz Marek, Korlacka Klaudia, Podkówka Albert, Lemiński Artur, Brodkiewicz Andrzej, Hyla-Klekot Lidia, Skonieczna-Żydecka Karolina
Chair and Department of Descriptive and Topographic Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
Mol Biol Rep. 2025 May 23;52(1):497. doi: 10.1007/s11033-025-10609-w.
The urobiome, or urinary tract microbiome, has emerged as a crucial component in maintaining urinary health and defending against infections. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have debunked the long-held belief that the urinary tract is sterile, revealing a unique ecosystem of microorganisms. The urobiome interacts with the urothelium and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) to support local immunity, playing an integral role in defending the urinary tract against pathogens. Through complex communication processes like quorum sensing, the urobiome regulates microbial behavior and controls interactions with host tissues, helping to prevent pathogen colonization and infection. However, dysbiosis in the urobiome can disrupt this balance, making the urinary tract more susceptible to infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs). Studies have highlighted specific microbial compositions associated with both healthy and disease states, suggesting that shifts in the urobiome may correlate with various urological diseases. Furthermore, microbial diversity within the urinary tract differs by factors such as age and gender, reflecting the dynamic nature of the urobiome. Future research focusing on the interplay between the urobiome, host immune defenses, and pathogenic mechanisms may lead to innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Understanding how microbial composition changes during disease states could enable targeted treatments, potentially reducing reliance on antibiotics and minimizing resistance issues. The urobiome thus represents a promising frontier in urology, with implications for enhancing urinary health and treating infections more effectively.
泌尿微生物群，即尿路微生物群，已成为维持泌尿健康和抵御感染的关键组成部分。新一代测序（NGS）技术的最新进展打破了长期以来认为尿路是无菌的观念，揭示了一个独特的微生物生态系统。泌尿微生物群与尿路上皮和黏膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）相互作用以支持局部免疫，在保护尿路免受病原体侵害方面发挥着不可或缺的作用。通过群体感应等复杂的通信过程，泌尿微生物群调节微生物行为并控制与宿主组织的相互作用，有助于防止病原体定植和感染。然而，泌尿微生物群的生态失调会破坏这种平衡，使尿路更容易受到感染，包括尿路感染（UTIs）。研究突出了与健康和疾病状态相关的特定微生物组成，表明泌尿微生物群的变化可能与各种泌尿系统疾病相关。此外，尿路内的微生物多样性因年龄和性别等因素而异，反映了泌尿微生物群的动态性质。未来聚焦于泌尿微生物群、宿主免疫防御和致病机制之间相互作用的研究可能会带来创新的诊断和治疗方法。了解疾病状态下微生物组成如何变化可以实现靶向治疗，有可能减少对抗生素的依赖并将耐药性问题降至最低。因此，泌尿微生物群代表了泌尿学中一个充满希望的前沿领域，对增强泌尿健康和更有效地治疗感染具有重要意义。
