Li Shasha, Yuan Bin, Zhang Mingyang, Du Jianwei, Hu Xiaoying, Ning Xun'an, Duan Zhenhan, Wen Yong
South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, China.
South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2025 Aug 15;494:138632. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138632. Epub 2025 May 15.
Textile dyeing sludge (TDS), an industrial byproduct containing various pollutants like heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), microplastics, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), necessitates efficient treatment to mitigate environmental risks. Pyrolysis has become an effective alternative for treating TDS due to its advantages in carbon mitigation and resource utilization compared to incineration and landfilling. However, a comprehensive understanding of the generation and transformation mechanisms of multi-contaminants during pyrolysis is still lacking, hindering its large-scale application. This review systematically analyzes the behavior of multi-contaminants during pyrolysis, with a special concern on the emerging contaminants, including PAH derivatives, microplastics, and PFAS. The potential application and environmental risks of TDS-derived biochar are also outlined, followed by a comprehensive investigation on the pollution mitigation of pyrolysis regulation strategies. The evaluation of risks posed by emerging contaminants and long-term application of biochar, as well as the source control of multi-contaminants is recognized as the dilemma, which stems from the limitations in quantifying method of emerging pollutants, the variability of biochar properties, complicated environmental influences over long-term application, and the tradeoffs among multi-contaminants during pyrolysis regulation. Future research is proposed to prioritize (1) quantitative risk assessment of emerging contaminants and long-term application of biochar, (2) elucidating pollutant formation and transformation pathways under pyrolysis regulation strategies for targeted control, and (3) multi-objective optimization to balance product valorization and integrated risk of multi-contaminants. This review aims to provide guidance for the research on pollution risk evaluation and control in the pyrolysis process of TDS.
纺织印染污泥（TDS）是一种工业副产品，含有重金属、多环芳烃（PAHs）、微塑料、全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）等多种污染物，需要进行有效处理以降低环境风险。与焚烧和填埋相比，热解因其在碳减排和资源利用方面的优势，已成为处理TDS的有效替代方法。然而，目前仍缺乏对热解过程中多种污染物的生成和转化机制的全面了解，这阻碍了其大规模应用。本文综述系统地分析了热解过程中多种污染物的行为，特别关注新兴污染物，包括PAH衍生物、微塑料和PFAS。还概述了TDS衍生生物炭的潜在应用和环境风险，随后对热解调控策略的污染减排进行了全面研究。新兴污染物带来的风险评估以及生物炭的长期应用，以及多种污染物的源头控制被认为是困境所在，这源于新兴污染物量化方法的局限性、生物炭性质的变异性、长期应用中复杂的环境影响以及热解调控过程中多种污染物之间的权衡。建议未来的研究优先考虑：（1）新兴污染物的定量风险评估和生物炭的长期应用；（2）阐明热解调控策略下污染物的形成和转化途径以进行靶向控制；（3）多目标优化以平衡产品增值和多种污染物的综合风险。本综述旨在为TDS热解过程中的污染风险评估和控制研究提供指导。
