Guo Jun, Zhang Tianye, Xie Haoxin, Hu Haichao, Shi Chaonan, Zhao Yingjie, Yin Jingliang, Xu Gecheng, Wu Zechi, Wang Pengkun, Liu Jiaqian, Liu Peng, Zhong Kaili, Chen Feng, Chen Jianping, Yang Jian
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA, Key Laboratory of Green Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping /Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
Nat Commun. 2025 May 24;16(1):4821. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-60199-1.
Posttranscriptional and posttranslational modifications play crucial roles in plant immunity. However, how plants fine-tune such modifications to activate antiviral immunity remains unknown. Here, we report that the mA methyltransferase TaHAKAI is utilized by wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) to increase viral genomic mA modification and promote viral replication. However, TaHAKAI also functions as an E3 ligase that targets the viral RNA silencing suppressor P2 for degradation and inhibits viral infection. A major allele of TaHAKAI in a susceptible cultivar exhibited reduced E3 ligase activity but not mA methyltransferase activity, promoting viral infection. Interestingly, TaHAKAI attenuates the stability of TaWPS1 (Wheat paired spikelets 1, WPS1) mRNA, the negative regulator of spike development, which might increase panicle length and spikelet number by modulating its mA modification. Our study reveals a mechanism for balancing disease resistance and yield by fine-tuning mA modification and ubiquitination.
转录后和翻译后修饰在植物免疫中发挥着关键作用。然而，植物如何微调这些修饰以激活抗病毒免疫仍不清楚。在此，我们报道小麦黄花叶病毒（WYMV）利用mA甲基转移酶TaHAKAI来增加病毒基因组的mA修饰并促进病毒复制。然而，TaHAKAI还作为一种E3连接酶，靶向病毒RNA沉默抑制因子P2进行降解，从而抑制病毒感染。感病品种中TaHAKAI的一个主要等位基因表现出E3连接酶活性降低，但mA甲基转移酶活性未降低，从而促进病毒感染。有趣的是，TaHAKAI会减弱穗发育负调控因子TaWPS1（小麦成对小穗1，WPS1）mRNA的稳定性，TaHAKAI可能通过调节其mA修饰来增加穗长和小穗数。我们的研究揭示了一种通过微调mA修饰和泛素化来平衡抗病性和产量的机制。
