Ni Shiqian, Cong Shengnan, Feng Jingyi, Sun Xiaoqing, Xie Hongyan, Han Jingjing, Wu Yaxuan, Wang Mengyao, Zhang Aixia
School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital #123 Tianfei Alley, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210004, China.
BMC Psychiatry. 2025 May 23;25(1):528. doi: 10.1186/s12888-025-06976-0.
Several individuals with depressive symptoms either do not seek help or delay treatment. This study elucidates the effects of various interventions on help-seeking behaviours, key intermediate indicators of behaviour (intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control), and stigma.
Six databases were searched from their inception to January 2024. Two researchers independently conducted study selection, data extraction, and quality appraisal. Data were analysed using Review Manager 5.4 software and STATA 18.0 software.
Thirteen studies were included, encompassing seven types of interventions: positive emotion infusion, information support intervention, mental contrasting with implementation intentions, self-perspective interventions, telephone care management, health information feedback, and depression follow-up monitoring. Existing interventions did not improve help-seeking behaviour in individuals with depressive symptoms (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.94, P = .05) but improved help-seeking intentions immediately after the intervention (SMD = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.20, 1.08, P < .001). Subgroup analyses showed that mental contrasting with implementation intentions (SMD = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.88) was more effective than positive emotion infusion (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.34) in enhancing help-seeking intentions. Additionally, mental contrasting with implementation intentions improved help-seeking intentions 2 weeks after the intervention (MD = 4.44, 95% CI: 2.60, 6.28, P < .001). Providing information support positively affected attitudes toward help-seeking (MD = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.57, P < .001). No study measured subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. Moreover, available research was insufficient to provide reliable results concerning help-seeking stigma.
Existing interventions improved help-seeking intentions in individuals with depressive symptoms but did not affect help-seeking behaviour, warranting further research. Additionally, researchers should explore the role of interventions on subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and stigma. Future studies should consider long-term follow-up of improved help-seeking behaviour and compare the effects of different interventions.
PROSPERO CRD42024496771.
一些有抑郁症状的人要么不寻求帮助，要么延迟治疗。本研究阐明了各种干预措施对寻求帮助行为、行为的关键中间指标（意图、态度、主观规范和感知行为控制）以及耻辱感的影响。
检索了六个数据库自建库至2024年1月的数据。两名研究人员独立进行研究筛选、数据提取和质量评估。使用Review Manager 5.4软件和STATA 18.0软件进行数据分析。
纳入了13项研究，涵盖七种干预类型：积极情绪注入、信息支持干预、与实施意图进行心理对比、自我视角干预、电话护理管理、健康信息反馈和抑郁症随访监测。现有干预措施并未改善抑郁症状个体的寻求帮助行为（OR = 1.67，95% CI：1.05，2.94，P = 0.05），但在干预后立即改善了寻求帮助的意图（SMD = 0.64，95% CI：0.20，1.08，P < 0.001）。亚组分析表明，与实施意图进行心理对比（SMD = 0.62，95% CI：0.37，0.88）在增强寻求帮助意图方面比积极情绪注入（SMD = 0.20，95% CI：0.06，0.34）更有效。此外，与实施意图进行心理对比在干预后2周改善了寻求帮助的意图（MD = 4.44，95% CI：2.60，6.28，P < 0.001）。提供信息支持对寻求帮助的态度有积极影响（MD = 0.36，95% CI：0.16，0.57，P < 0.001）。没有研究测量主观规范和感知行为控制。此外，现有研究不足以提供关于寻求帮助耻辱感的可靠结果。
现有干预措施改善了抑郁症状个体的寻求帮助意图，但未影响寻求帮助行为，需要进一步研究。此外，研究人员应探索干预措施对主观规范、感知行为控制和耻辱感的作用。未来的研究应考虑对改善寻求帮助行为进行长期随访，并比较不同干预措施的效果。
PROSPERO CRD42024496771。
