Baluku Robert Bizaleri, Ameda Faith, Nabawanuka Eva, Sekaggya-Wiltshire Christine
Department of Radiology and Radiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Department of Radiology, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
Thromb J. 2025 May 23;23(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s12959-025-00743-7.
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is part of a spectrum of venous thromboembolism, which also includes pulmonary embolism. Up to 50% of hospitalized individuals who develop pulmonary embolism have DVT. Pulmonary embolism is responsible for up to 10% of hospital deaths. However, the burden and specific risk factors for DVT among inpatients living with HIV in our setting are not well established. Thromboprophylaxis, which reduces the risk of DVT, is not routinely administered to all inpatients. Understanding the burden and risk factors for DVT in this population can guide the implementation of preventive measures, identify high-risk individuals, and inform guidelines for thromboprophylaxis.
This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2023 and April 2024 in two National Referral hospitals among hospitalized people living with HIV. A total of 186 participants were consecutively sampled and enrolled in the study. All adult inpatients living with HIV who fulfilled the eligibility criteria had a bedside Doppler ultrasound scan of the lower limbs for DVT. Relevant demographic, clinical, laboratory, and HIV-related data were obtained. Both bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed via R software.
Up to 186 participants were enrolled, with a median age of 40 years (interquartile range (IQR): 34-52). The prevalence of lower limb DVT was 18.3% (34/186). The participants with DVT had a median age of 49 years (IQR: 39-56, p-value 0.045). Up to 53% (99/186) of the participants were male. The median duration of hospitalization was 5.0 days (IQR: 4.0-7.8) among those with DVT. A positive history of cigarette smoking was identified in 6.5% (12/34) of the participants and was significantly associated with the development of DVT (P-value = 0.004). TB coinfection was significantly associated with DVT, with a prevalence ratio (PR) of 2.22 (P-value = 0.007). A low CD4 (< 200) was also significantly associated with lower limb DVT (PR = 2.70, P-value = 0.003).
The prevalence of lower limb DVT among hospitalized people living with HIV is high (18.3%) in our setting. Older age, a positive history of smoking, a low CD4 count (< 200), and TB coinfection are significant risk factors for DVT in HIV-positive inpatients.
深静脉血栓形成（DVT）是静脉血栓栓塞症的一部分，静脉血栓栓塞症还包括肺栓塞。发生肺栓塞的住院患者中，高达50%患有DVT。肺栓塞导致的医院死亡人数占比高达10%。然而，在我们所处环境中，感染艾滋病毒的住院患者中DVT的负担及特定风险因素尚未完全明确。降低DVT风险的血栓预防措施并非常规应用于所有住院患者。了解该人群中DVT的负担和风险因素可指导预防措施的实施，识别高危个体，并为血栓预防指南提供依据。
这项横断面研究于2023年10月至2024年4月在两家国家转诊医院对感染艾滋病毒的住院患者进行。共连续抽取186名参与者纳入研究。所有符合入选标准的成年艾滋病毒感染住院患者均接受下肢床边多普勒超声扫描以检测DVT。收集了相关的人口统计学、临床、实验室及与艾滋病毒相关的数据。通过R软件进行双变量和多变量分析。
共纳入186名参与者，中位年龄为40岁（四分位间距（IQR）：34 - 52）。下肢DVT的患病率为18.3%（34/186）。患有DVT的参与者中位年龄为49岁（IQR：39 - 56，p值0.045）。高达53%（99/186）的参与者为男性。DVT患者的中位住院时间为5.0天（IQR：4.0 - 7.8）。6.5%（12/34）的参与者有吸烟史阳性，且与DVT的发生显著相关（P值 = 0.004）。合并结核病与DVT显著相关，患病率比（PR）为2.22（P值 = 0.007）。CD4低（<200）也与下肢DVT显著相关（PR = 2.70，P值 = 0.003）。
在我们所处环境中，感染艾滋病毒的住院患者下肢DVT的患病率较高（18.3%）。年龄较大、吸烟史阳性、CD4计数低（<200）以及合并结核病是艾滋病毒阳性住院患者发生DVT的重要风险因素。
