Zeng Ni, Li Jie-Ting, Zhang Zhi-Juan, Yan Zhi-Peng, Liao Tao, Ni Guo-Xin
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
J Physiol Biochem. 2025 May 24. doi: 10.1007/s13105-025-01094-7.
Previous studies have revealed that different intensities of exercise training have an impact on cognition. However, the cognitive effects of different intensities of exercise and its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of different intensities of treadmill exercise on cognition in rats from the perspective of metabolomic analysis. In this study, ninety-six male rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (CON group, n = 24), low-intensity running group (LIR group, n = 24), medium-intensity running group (MIR group, n = 24), and high-intensity running group (HIR group, n = 24). After 4 weeks of treadmill running, rats in the LIR group located the platform significantly faster than those in the CON(p = 0.027) and HIR(p = 0.011) groups. After 8 weeks of treadmill running, rats in the LIR and MIR groups also found the platform more quickly than those in CON group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.015, respectively). Additionally, rats in the MIR group showed significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase (CAT) in the hippocampus compared with those exposed to HIR(p = 0.03), LIR(p = 0.0008), and CON(p = 0.0004). Metabolomic analysis revealed that, after 8 weeks of running, 14 metabolites with similar characteristics differed between the MIR and HIR groups compared to the CON group. The LIR group showed significant alterations in 12 key metabolites compared to the CON group. The LIR, MIR, and HIR groups also demonstrated significant changes in 3, 4, and 3 metabolic pathways respectively, when compared to the CON group. In conclusion, the above results indicate that LIR can effectively decrease fumarate accumulation, thereby enhancing the TCA cycle and brain energy metabolism which in turn improved cognitive function, while MIR can modify glutathione metabolism to alleviate oxidative stress (OS), supporting cognitive function.
先前的研究表明，不同强度的运动训练会对认知产生影响。然而，不同强度运动的认知效应及其潜在机制尚未完全明确。本文旨在从代谢组学分析的角度研究不同强度的跑步机运动对大鼠认知的影响。在本研究中，96只雄性大鼠被随机分为四组：对照组（CON组，n = 24）、低强度跑步组（LIR组，n = 24）、中等强度跑步组（MIR组，n = 24）和高强度跑步组（HIR组，n = 24）。经过4周的跑步机跑步训练后，LIR组的大鼠找到平台的速度明显快于CON组（p = 0.027）和HIR组（p = 0.011）。经过8周的跑步机跑步训练后，LIR组和MIR组的大鼠找到平台的速度也比CON组更快（分别为p = 0.003和p = 0.015）。此外，与HIR组（p = 0.03）、LIR组（p = 0.0008）和CON组（p = 0.0004）相比，MIR组大鼠海马体中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）/过氧化氢酶（CAT）显著增加。代谢组学分析显示，跑步8周后，与CON组相比，MIR组和HIR组之间有14种具有相似特征的代谢物存在差异。与CON组相比，LIR组有12种关键代谢物发生了显著变化。与CON组相比，LIR组、MIR组和HIR组分别在3条、4条和3条代谢途径中也表现出显著变化。总之，上述结果表明，低强度跑步（LIR）可有效减少富马酸积累，从而增强三羧酸循环和脑能量代谢，进而改善认知功能，而中等强度跑步（MIR）可调节谷胱甘肽代谢以减轻氧化应激（OS），支持认知功能。
