Cheng Kang-Jie, Xu Xi-Xi, Li Jia-Sheng, Zhao Wen-Quan, Wang Russell, Liu Yun-Feng
Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Lasers Med Sci. 2025 May 24;40(1):244. doi: 10.1007/s10103-025-04491-y.
Mechanical drilling is currently a universal standard for implant osteotomy site preparation. Without proper cooling, high frictional heat can be generated inside the bone during drilling which may be detrimental for osteocyte survival. Mechanical fracture of bone near a drill bit surface can also impede the osseointegration process. Our new concept is to use a rapid laser ablation model for dental implant osteotomy preparation to minimize adverse effects on the bone from mechanical and thermal damages. A mathematical model was developed to detail the temperature and energy distribution within bone under laser irradiation. Thermal and energy transfer in bone was predicted during laser interaction using finite element simulations. Various parameters of laser irradiation settings were analyzed. The best designed laser irradiation condition was derived from our theoretic modeling in terms of thermal and mechanical characteristics for osteotomy. We also validated our theoretical prediction with an ex vivo animal bone study. We conclude that a smooth and clean surface was successfully formed with laser power of 10 W, scanning speed of 600 mm/s, and scanning interval of 20 μm. We also achieved the highest removal rate of 0.63 mm/s. Our finite element model demonstrated that it could effectively predict the temperature and energy distribution during an osteotomy drilling. Our validated model can potentially offer a remarkable approach for a non-contact dental implant site preparation with minimal mechanical and thermal damages to the adjacent bone tissue which likely can augment bone repair and regeneration during an osseointegration process.
目前，机械钻孔是种植体截骨部位制备的通用标准。如果没有适当的冷却，钻孔过程中骨内部会产生高摩擦热，这可能对骨细胞存活不利。钻头表面附近的骨机械骨折也会阻碍骨整合过程。我们的新概念是使用快速激光消融模型进行牙种植体截骨术制备，以尽量减少机械和热损伤对骨的不利影响。开发了一个数学模型来详细描述激光照射下骨内的温度和能量分布。在激光相互作用期间，使用有限元模拟预测骨中的热传递和能量传递。分析了激光照射设置的各种参数。根据截骨术的热学和力学特性，从我们的理论模型中得出了最佳设计的激光照射条件。我们还通过离体动物骨研究验证了我们的理论预测。我们得出结论，在激光功率为10W、扫描速度为600mm/s和扫描间隔为20μm的情况下，成功形成了光滑干净的表面。我们还实现了0.63mm/s的最高去除率。我们的有限元模型表明，它可以有效地预测截骨钻孔过程中的温度和能量分布。我们经过验证的模型可能为非接触式牙种植体部位制备提供一种显著的方法，对相邻骨组织的机械和热损伤最小，这可能会在骨整合过程中增强骨修复和再生。
